Military Policy Essay Example For Students

Military Policy Essay POLSCI 111Gerard ChretienIntroduction to American GovernmentMay 15, 2001MILITARY DEFENSE POLICYDear Mr. President,As a pleased American and veteran of our extraordinary military, I firmly advocate that you start another strategy with respect to the support and vital government assistance of our countries powers. The current states of our military are not in a state of harmony with the necessities of the 21st century difficulties and targets. There is various issues that should be tended to, for example, new weapon advancement, salary raise, union of different projects, audit of oversea arrangement strategy, etc. As of now you know that your forerunner (threatening Bill Clinton) and his organization have not built up any arrangement to overhaul our powers during his presidential residency. Having served in the military, I can say from individual experience, that our powers need a urgent implantation of new weapons and key projects that would get rid of wasteful and outdated ones. Our people, who wear their pleased uniform, speak to one of Americas most cherished resources, subsequently their necessities must be held to an exclusive requirement. During the Clinton period, so far as that is concerned, since the finish of the Reagan time, safeguard spending has been deliberately diminished no matter how you look at it (excluding the Gulf War). This sort of decrease leaves our military deficiently provided with assets to battle gives that influence the U.S. locally and abroad. The current status must be updated and rebuilt. You may feel that because of the Cold-War finishing and most of America wanting to grow our military isn't important, I encourage you not to ride a similar track of thought. Having maverick states still skilled in building weapons of mass pulverization (for example Iraq) and host of different states that scorn our lifestyle, its goal, presently like never before, that we remain militarily able and prepared to safeguard Americas intrigue. Presently there is numerous who accept that the United States ought to minimize military creation in view of a few elements. To begin with, the United States is the staying super-power on the planet, a danger from an opposing nation like North Korea or Iraq appears to be silly and remote. Besides we have the universes most beneficial economy, permitting us to manufacture and buy whatever accommodates our advantage. Last and above all we have and support the most hazardous military known to man. Such factors persuades that military spending is purposeless in time of harmony time and further more, Americas most risky adversary (Soviet Union) is not, at this point a danger, however a helpful strategic drawing in state. Numerous Americans likewise feel that any extra spending on military munititions stockpile can and ought to be coordinated toward other indispensable projects that influence our every day lives, for example, medicinal services, instruction, work preparing, independent com pany advancement, just to give some examples. These focuses and others are legitimate, yet it can't blindfold us to the truth that war can happen whenever. Not being prepared and skilled would be inconvenient to lifestyle and frustrate our general public, in general, to succeed into what's to come. I firmly counsel you to hold fast to my point of view, so you can guarantee Americas development and security well into the new thousand years. Semper FidelisSecond Lieutenant Gerard Chretien, U.S.M.C.

Microbiology Test Questions Essays

Microbiology Test Questions Essays Microbiology Test Questions Essay Microbiology Test Questions Essay A mind boggling conglomeration of organisms, regularly found on a strong surface, is known as a meager film of microorganisms on the outside of a magnifying instrument slide is a(n) 9. 110. The thick covering around the phone mass of numerous microorganisms is called ; a safe, torpid structure shaped inside a bacterium that secures T I room extraordinary natural contraltos Is a(n) 1. /12. The study of characterizing living beings is known as the investigation of the developmental history of living beings is called Microbiology 233/Dry. Braun/Practice Test #1 2 13. 114. An unadulterated culture of life forms is called a(n) hereditarily related gatherings are called 15. The most significant level of characterization is called a(n) SHORT ANSWER. (40 focuses) 16. A. Name the gatherings at the degree of grouping alluded to in #15. B. What is the reason for recognizing the gatherings at this level? 17. Look into the hypotheses of unconstrained age and bossiness. 18. A. Quickly state Kochs Postulates. B. For what reason are these significant? Mollycoddled 233/Dry. Braun/Practice in case # 19. A. In dropping request, list the 7 significant degrees of characterization. B. Clarify or depict a binomial, in logical terminology. Give 2 explicit models. 20. Rundown the 4 significant gatherings of eukaryotic life forms, and the key attributes of every one. B. Microbiology 233/Dry. Braun/Practice Test #1 4 TRUE/FALSE. (30 focuses) Circle TRUE or FALSE for every announcement. Additional Credit: For every announcement you believe is bogus, right it by intersection out the word(s) that make it bogus and including word(s) to make it valid. Try not to rework the entire proclamation. 21. Microorganisms are recognized and arranged by different strategies, including morphological highlights, biochemical tests, differential recoloring and the kind of infection a bacterium is vulnerable to. Genuine/FALSE . Techniques for looking at the DNA of various living beings include: DNA fingerprinting, Southern smearing, serological testing and nucleic corrosive residence. Genuine/FALSE . Both DNA and RNA can be utilized to distinguish microorganisms. 24. Phylogeny connections can be dictated by an atomic clock, which depends on the way that hereditary transformations happen at a genuinely steady rate after some time. 25. Antiquated incorporate both gram-negative and gram-positive microscopic organisms, yet none are pathogenic. 26. Photosynthetic microscopic organisms incorporate Contractible, green and purple microbes, and allotrope-microorganisms; oxygen is delivered uniquely by the microorganisms that utilization sulfur as an electron acceptor. Gram-positive Etcetera are leave Into 2 gatherings, desert springs on ten sum AT and cytosine they have in their DNA. Guanine 28. The primary contrast among growths and microorganisms is the compound creation of their cell dividers. Bogus Microbiology 233/Dry. Braun,prance - rest 5 29. The principle contrast among green growth and plants is that green growth don't have roots, stems and leaves. Protective caps are multicultural eukaryote that have different organ frameworks, aside from arms, which depend on their hosts for indispensable capacities. Parasitic 31. Coordinating. Microscopy (10 focuses) Detailed perspective on inward structures of living microorganisms. A. Stage differentiate Magnification up to xx; oil improves goals. Electron Darkled Uses 2 light emissio ns to improve goals. B. Con-Focal C. Filtering D. E. - push Maps nuclear and atomic shapes; intracellular temperatures. Photon Fluorescence Deep pictures of cells in tissues; dynamic cells progressively. G. Checked Probe Pathogenic microorganisms inside cells and tissues. Lit up l. Transmission Electron Live microorganisms that can't be seen by different techniques. Filtering Acoustic Extremely clear Interference Contrast 2-monsoonal Images. Inconvenient High goals; 3-D see; various layers of an example. Living cells connected to another surface, for example, malignant growth cells and blood vessel plaque. Microbiology 233/Dry. Braun/Practice Test #1 6 32. Rundown the 5 phyla of Bacteria, the key attributes of every one, and a particular model (40 focuses) Phylum Key Characteristics with its significance to people or nature. Explicit life form its significance

Blog Archive Mission Admission Resume Part III Resume Space Savers

Blog Archive Mission Admission Resume Part III Resume Space Savers Mission Admission is a series of MBA admission tips; a new one is posted each Tuesday. Ideally, your resume should be only one page long; admissions committees generally expect and appreciate the conciseness of this format. If you choose to submit a two-page resume or longer, your reader may have difficulty scanning it and identifying (and remembering) important facts. With these space constraints in mind, we offer two fairly straightforward “space saver” ideas: 1. Do not include a mission statement at the beginning of your resume. Your mission in this case is to get into the MBA program to which you are applyingâ€"and, of course, the admissions committee already knows this! A mission statement will take up precious space that can be used more effectively for other purposes. 2. Only your name should appear at the top of your resume. You do not need to include your address, email address, gender, marital status, etc., because these data will all be provided in your application form. As with a mission statement, adding this kind of information will take up precious space that can be used more effectively for other purposes. Please, resist the urge to make your resume fit on one page by shrinking your font or margins. Your font should be no smaller than 10 pt type, and your margins should be no smaller than 1” on either side and 0.75” at the top and bottom. Rather than trying to fit too much information on the page, commit yourself instead to showcasing only your most important accomplishments that best tell your story. Share ThisTweet Mission Admission

How To Streak a Bacterial Culture

Bacterial culture streaking allows bacteria to reproduce on a culture medium in a controlled environment. The process involves spreading bacteria across an agar plate and allowing them to incubate at a certain temperature for a period of time. Bacterial streaking can be used to identify and isolate pure bacterial colonies from a mixed population. Microbiologists use bacterial and other microbial culture streaking methods to identify microorganisms and to diagnose infection. What You Need: Culture plate with microorganismsInoculating loop or sterile toothpicksAgar platesBunsen burner or another flame producing instrumentGlovesTape Heres How: While wearing gloves, sterilize an inoculating loop by placing it at an angle over a flame. The loop should turn orange before you remove it from the flame. A sterile toothpick may be substituted for the inoculating loop. Do not place toothpicks over a flame.Remove the lid from a culture plate containing the desired microorganism.Cool the inoculating loop by stabbing it into the agar in a spot that does not contain a bacterial colony.Pick a colony and scrape off a little of the bacteria using the loop. Be sure to close the lid.Using a new agar plate, lift the lid just enough to insert the loop.Streak the loop containing the bacteria at the top end of the agar plate moving in a zig-zag horizontal pattern until 1/3 of the plate is covered.Sterilize the loop again in the flame and cool it at the edge of the agar away from the bacteria in the plate that you just streaked.Rotate the plate about 60 degrees and spread the bacteria from the end of the first streak into a second area using th e same motion in step 6.Sterilize the loop again using the procedure in step 7.Rotate the plate about 60 degrees and spread the bacteria from the end of the second streak into a new area in the same pattern.Sterilize the loop again.Replace the lid and secure with tape. Invert the plate and incubate overnight at 37 degrees Celsius (98.6 degrees Fahrenheit).You should see bacterial cells growing along the streaks and in isolated areas. Tips: When sterilizing the inoculating loop, make sure that the entire loop turns orange before using on the agar plates.When streaking the agar with the loop, be sure to keep the loop horizontal and only streak the surface of the agar.If using sterile toothpicks, use a new toothpick when performing each new streak. Throw all used toothpicks away. Safety: When growing bacterial colonies, you will be dealing with millions of bacteria. It is important that you follow all lab safety rules. Precautions should be taken to ensure that you dont inhale, ingest, or allow these germs to touch your skin. Bacterial plates should be kept closed and secured with tape while incubating. Any unwanted bacterial plates should be disposed of properly by placing them in an autoclave to kill the bacteria before discarding them. Household bleach may also be poured over the bacterial colonies to destroy them.

Essay on Abortion - 631 Words

Abortion Abortion is deemed as the premature expulsion of the foetus from the womb. Abortion is not a modern moral dilemma, contrary to what a lot of people think. It has been an issue since Jesus time, and before, as even in the Old Testament times the law concerning abortion was that if you killed an unborn child you were responsible to pay compensation. In modern times, Parliament has debated the subject many times and has drawn up two main reasons as to why an abortion can legally be carried out so long as the pregnancy hasnt reached its 24th week. 1. That continuing the pregnancy would involve serious mental or physical risk to the woman or her immediate family or 2. If there is a†¦show more content†¦that abortion is fine, and should be available on demand. The churches also have their own view on abortion. The Protestant churches differ somewhat, although they are all against abortion on demand and mostly think along the same lines as the law. The Catholic church has a very resolute view on abortion. It believes that all abortion is wrong and immoral. They take this view because they believe that our bodies are Gods temples- Do you not know that His spirit dwells within you? Corinthians 3:16 It also says in the Psalms that we are known to God even before we are conceived; therefore it is wrong to kill an unborn child: You created every part of me; You put me together in my mothers wombà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦You saw me before I was even born Psalm 139. The Catholic church is completely pro life. Other Pro-life campaigners say that life begins at conception too, that a foetus is never just part of its mothers body. Also, they believe that abortion is not just about religion- but of a basic denial of rights, since the UN have declared that a baby needs protecting before and after birth. Another reason would be that if you kill a child before it is given a chance to live, how do we know if we have just killed a potential world leader or even just anotherShow MoreRelatedAbortion : Abortion And Abortion998 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion Abortion is defined in several ways all of which stop a pregnancy. There are different ways of abortion, which are spontaneous abortion, surgical abortion, and medical abortion. Abortion has been arguable topic for decades. One can neither believe abortion to be good nor bad. The idea of individuality and human life is not quite the same. Idea of human life has come from conception; simultaneously on the other hand, fertilizer eggs used for in vitro fertilization are also human lives butRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Abortion Essay921 Words   |  4 PagesPaper: Abortion Laws The topic of abortion is a widely debated and very heated topic in Texas. The Republican party’s platform supports family values and are completely against abortion under any circumstances, including abortifacients. The Democrat party’s platform supports the rights for women to make choices about their own bodies. They support abortifacients and a person’s right to have an abortion. There is also a large percentage of those that are in the middle in that they believe abortion shouldRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion998 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States there are more than a billion abortions performed each year. Since the court case Roe vs Wade in 1973 more than 56 million babies have been murdered in the United States before they had the chance to take their first breath (Snyder, Michael). These statics along with many more show the huge injustice that is happening in the country I call home. Abortion is defined as the removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. It can include any of variousRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Anti Abortion1624 Words   |  7 Pagesa very large controversy between the ideas about abortion and anti-abortion. Different religious views, beliefs, peoples many different customs and even people of different cultures all have their own preferences and ideas on the take of this political issue. Views against abortion can lead to as much of an impact as a violent/non violent riots outside of an abortion clinics, to something as simple article in the newspaper. The belief on abortion that leads to a lot of the controversy is that inRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pages An abortion is when the pregnancy of a women is ended; it is called sometimes Termination of pregnancy. There are two types of abortion. The first type is the spontaneous abortion; it occurs within the first two months. What causes it is frequently unknown yet is probably the results of intra-uterine contamination, or limited attachment in the building unborn child to the interior coating walls in the womb (uterus). Such conditions this unborn child, if the idea advances further, mayRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion953 Words   |  4 Pagesdebates that is constantly talked about is abortion. When it comes to abortion, the laws vary depending on the state you live in. Whether people support or are against abortion, few actually know about the abortion process. Have you ever heard of suction aspiration or prostaglandin chemical abortion? Those are two of the various methods that are performed in the different trimesters of pregnancy. According to writer Steven Ertelt of Li feNews.com, Oklahoma’s abortion laws are restrictive compared to otherRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Abortion1930 Words   |  8 PagesAbortion has been around for quite some time. Laws have been set allowing it and banning it during different periods of time. The procedures that can be done are all very different. There is a medical abortion involving drugs and there are surgical abortion involving a more invasive procedure. There are also different points of view on it. There are those who fully support the termination of a pregnancy and those who are completely against it. There are many factors to consider and very differentRead MoreAbortion And Abortion2038 Words   |  9 PagesMostly seen as a religious issue, abortions are anything but that. Biology and science are the only deciding factors when it comes down to it. Science is the only thing that can prove whether an unborn child is living; no religion can do that. Through modern science and technology, it has been proven and well documented that human life does in fact begin at conception. The scientific evidence also contradicted the court ruling in the Roe v. Wade case, where it was stated that the Court could notRead MoreAbortion : The Fight For Abortion1543 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough abortion was decriminalized in 1973, the fight for abortion rights did not end with Roe v. Wade. Just in the past three years, there have been systematic restrictions on abortion rights sweeping the country sate by state. In 2013, 22 states enacted 70 antiabortion measures, including pre-viability abortion bans, unnecessary doctor and clinic procedures, limits on medicated abortion, and bans on insurance coverage of abortion In 2011, 92 abortion restrictions were enacted, an in 2012, thatRead MoreAbortion : The Issue Of Abortion1212 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic of abortion has been an ongoing debate for many years. According to ProChoice.org, abortion was legal in in the days of the early settlers . At the time that the constitution was adopted abortions were legal. Abortions were openly advertised and performed before the first fetal movement (13-16 weeks from the start of a women’s last period). The concern for abortion started in the late 1800’s when immigrants were coming into the country in large numbers and the fear was that they would produce

Psychology - 663 Words

Unit 8 M2 and D1 M2- compare two approaches to health and social care. Chose two different approaches and compare each theory to a health care setting and also a social care setting explain how it works in health care compared to social care. Example of behaviourist in health and social care – classical conditioning can be used in a hospital to help with an individuals fear by creating a hierarchy of fears starting with their least fear to the most feared. Whereas in a social care setting such as a school or nursery a teacher can classical condition children into tidying up by using an instrument. However Operant condition may not work as efficiently due to an individual having a behavioural condition such as ADHD Example†¦show more content†¦This aims to help shape and change an individuals behaviour. You can also link to the certain theory such as – social learning theory links to Banduras theory as he believed children copy behaviour this is why using high status role models are used to influence individuals behaviours in health and social care. D1 write why the approach would be good to use within both health and social care and also why it may not work such as the behaviourist approach may not work as you cant classical condition everyone. Write about the strengths for both approaches e.g. A strength of the behaviourist perspective within health and social care is that a therapist can look at why an individual may have a fear or phobia by creating a hierarchy. This is also a strength as it allows a therapist/ nurse to help and encourage an individual who has a phobia which can help the service user to over come their fear. Write about the weaknesses of both approaches In the conclusion write about how it can work in health and social care put your opinion in e.g. I believe this perspective can help an individual who has a fear or phobia by seeing why the individual is so scared. I also think that the behaviourist perspective can help measure changes of a behaviour. On the other hand I feel that the behaviourist perspective doesn’t take in the biological perspective. Write about how you feel it works within a health and social care setting. EgShow MoreRelatedPsychology : Psychology And Psychology1627 Words   |  7 Pagescovers the many questions we may have about psychology. It starts with the history and how it has changed throughout the years. It covers some of the many subfields and jobs you can have as a psychologist. It also covers the four big ideas that are associated with psychology. There are many more topics and sub-topics that will be covered within this paper on chapter 1. Section 1-1 Psychological Science is born: This section shows how the heart of psychology changes over time. In 1879, at a germanRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1519 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology has been defined by many as the study of mental disorder or behavioral problems but discoveries and developments, points to psychology as the study of human mind and its functionality which includes the way we think, act, perceive things and be able to make decisions; all these makes man a complex being. Psychology isn’t just a phenomenon; it is a scientific study. Psychology as a science answers the question â€Å"why†, proposes a theory and sets experiment to test the hypothesis. The researchRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology889 Words   |  4 PagesOne: Psychology Defined Psychology is an exceptionally multifaceted field of study, regardless, it can be commonly defined as the study of mental processes and human behavior. The goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict and control the behavior of others. Psychology incorporates an extensive range of different perspectives into its general principles as well as focuses on securing them with applied research, case studies, evaluations, etc. I first became interested in psychology whenRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1018 Words   |  5 Pagesof psychology is common to talk about the psychological schools, as these are defined as groups of psychologists who shared a theoretical view and focused psychological problems with a common orientation; these have evolved over time. Psychology was first established as a separate science of biology and philosophy, that s when the real debate over how to describe and explain the human mind and behavior began start, different psychological schools represent the major theories of psychology. TheRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology892 Words   |  4 PagesWhen you first think of the word psychology, what is the first thing that comes to your mind? Well, some people might say they don’t know or some would say it’s something that has to do with the mind and/or human behavior. Psychology which comes from the Greek term â€Å"psyche† is the study of mental processes and behavior; especially those affecting behavior in a given context. There are several schools of thought in psychology. These schools include: structuralism (Wundt), functionalism (James), gestaltRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1267 Words   |  6 PagesPaper What is psychology? What impact does psychology have on the world? What does it mean to be a psychologist? These are three important questions that will be investigated throughout this paper. Psychology is the scientific study of the human mind and behavior. Psychology influences many behaviors in the world without anyone noticing. Watson is interested in behaviorism. This means he was interested in the behavior of people and how they act and react. Through his article, Psychology as the BehavioristRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology850 Words   |  4 PagesPsychology to me is meant to help people understand the complexity of other human beings. We have established the existence of many disorders which are mainly beyond the control of people because of chemical imbalances in the brain. Although with these reasons, we still have attached negative and positive connotations to many disorders. We have created this concept of psychology in order to help us try to find some sense of order in our lives. This can allow us to try rank ourselves next to anotherRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1300 Words   |  6 PagesIn Psychology There are six modern psychological perspectives. These perspectives are behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive, social, cultural, and biological. Each pe rspective has its own unique way of explaining human behavior. I think that really explains the complex mental processes and behavior, and each prospective study should not be limited to just one. The following is my explanation of the terms and comparisons between the psychodynamic and behavioral aspects relating to the OctoberRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1703 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology has a lot of jobs to choose from.Any job in psychology is going to be involved helping people. Trying to find out why people do the things they do and trying to predict the behavior of people, their emotions, and mental processes. Making sure your child or any person you care about is okay mentally, is important and is the job of people who work in a major in psychology. For this paper, the roles of a psychiatrist, a counselor, and a psychologist will be discussed. The audience will learnRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology Essay2200 Words   |  9 PagesHow is ps ychology defined today? How did psychology start out being defined originally? Humans have always been interested in understanding their own body, especially the brain itself. Some of the first people to explore psychology were Aristotle and Socrates, (even though some of the things they thought were wrong) of course at the time they did not know what exactly they were studying. https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/introduction-to-psychology-1/intr

Primate City free essay sample

The rapid expansion of a deteriorated environment and high social costs are the most obvious and immediate results of this overconcentration process. Eventually, the public investment on the expansion of urban infrastructure will reach a point of diminishing returns. Urban problems can bring national development to the edge of failure. This would be an appalling situation indeed! Vimolsiddhi Horayangkura1 Hyperurbanization signifies a prolonged condition of superheated urban growth. John Friedmann2 Bangkok, perhaps more than any other major world metropolis, represents a primate city. It is forty times larger than Chiang Mai, Thailands second largest city, and dominates Thai political, economic, and intellectual life. Bangkok is simultaneously Thailands castle, market, and temple. Once known as the Venice of the East, Bangkok has changed dramatically from the tranquil pre-modern days of Joseph Conrad and W. Somerset Maugham. Lynch has emphasized the importance of a citys image. 4 Bangkok has diverse images. The Thais refer to it as Krungthep eaning City of Angels. In fact, modern Bangkok with its sprawling laissez faire urban development does indeed resemble its American namesake, Los Angeles. Some Thais have called modern Bangkok a concrete jungle. 5 Foreign visitors to Bangkok in the 1940s and 1950s would hardly recognize the thriving metropolis of the 1980s with a population of over six million. Prior to 1960, Bangkok had almost no buildings over five stories. Today numerous skyscrapers house the offices of transnational corporations and international agencies. Gerald W. Fry is Assistant Director of the International Studies Program at the University of Oregon. 14 Despite Bangkoks modernization, it also retains traditional images. Sternstein in conducting research on Bangkoks image, found that Wat Phra Keo was the most common image among Thais interviewed. 6 This is Thailands most sacred Buddhist temple, which houses the Emerald Buddha, the holiest image in the country. While Bangkok is both symbolic of Thailands dynamic economic expansion during the past several decades and its rich cultural history, its role as a classic primate city also presents crucial policy problems. Unfortunately, many urbanization studies are merely descriptive, ignoring an analytical discussion of important policy issues. 7 In this article, empirical evidence is presented to show the extent and nature of Bangkoks dominance as a hyperurbanized primate city. Then key policy issues and future directions are considered from a political economy perspective. The Concept of the Primate City As background, it may be useful to discuss briefly the evolution of the concept of the primate city and previous related research. 8 The concept of urban centrality has attracted the attention of many prominent world scholars. In the early 1800s, German writers were already directing attention to the organization of space by society. 9 Then in the 1900s, German geographers introduced the concept of central place theory, which has influenced much subsequent research related to urbanization. 10 In more recent years, major contemporary thinkers such as Arnold Toynbee and Barbara Ward have also directed their attention to urbanization. 11 Toynbee, in discussing cities on the move, worries about mechanized cities which he feels are noisy, dirty, and soulless. Ward describes monster cities defiled by environmental deterioration and technological hammers. 3 In fact, many intellectuals have revolted against the city and its corrupt cultural influences. 14 Radical thinkers such as Harvey and Lefebvre see the modem city as reflecting exploitative parasitic relationships typical of the larger society. 15 Harvey also makes the important distinction between the city as a built form and urbanism as a way of life. Harveys distinction is particularly important in understanding Bangkoks dual image and the tendency for individuals to develop an ambivalent attitude towards this rapidly changing Southeast Asian metropolis. More optimistic are the works of visionaries such as Doxiadis, Mumford, and Fuller. 16 They present new configurations for a more equitable, efficient, and humanistic use of space. Unfortunately, the impact of their work is hardly noticeable in Third World primate cities such as Bangkok, Manila, or Mexico City. 15 Bangkok as a Hyperurbanized Primate City Many primate cities are not in the geometric centre of a natural region. 17 Bangkok, however, stands almost perfectly at the centre of Thailand, almost equidistant from its northern and southern borders. It is also centred between its eastern and western boundaries and in this sense, it is comparable to Ankara in Turkey and Brasilia in Brazil. Bangkoks demographic primacy is revealed by several indicators. It has been growing at a much faster rate than the rest of the country. While Thailand in the 1960s was growing a little over three per cent per year, Bangkok was growing at an annual rate of over six per cent. 18 The differential between its growth rate and that of the rest of the country in the late 1970s is shown in Table 1. Its dominance is also illustrated by data showing that 56 per cent of Thailands urban population is concentrated in Bangkok. 19 Since 1947, its population has increased sixfold, making it now the worlds fifteenth largest city. Table 1 Bangkoks Rate of Population Growth Compared to Thailand as a Whole 1976 1. 92 4. 41 1977 2. 42 4. 25 1978 2. 12 2. 66 1979 1. 95 2. 61 198( 1. 82 3 . 04 Thailand Bangkok Source: Khryangchii Phaawa Sangkhom 2523 (Social Indicators 1980), (Bangkok: Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board, 1980), p. 3. Several quantitative techniques exist for empirically analyzing the extent of a citys primacy. The first approach uses what are termed indices of primacy. The most simple is the ratio, P1/P2, where Pj is the population of the largest city and P2, the population of the next largest city in a country. A three-city index compares the largest city with combined populations of the next two largest cities. A four-city index can be computed in analogous fashion. Table 2 shows Bangkoks various indices of primacy both in 1960 and 1972. Using equation (c) in an iterative process, the theoretical distribution for Thailand is computed and compared with the actual distribution of city sizes (see Table 3). As can be seen, the Thai pattern diverges significantly from the expected pattern. Instead of having 10 cities over the population of 100,000, Thailand has only one. Thailand also has twice as many cities in the 20,000-49,999 range as expected. In discussing city-size distribution, Zipf introduces the concepts of diversification and unification. 4 Diversification implies that a population is disaggregated into many small communities close to scattered and diverse raw materials. Unification in contrast concentrates the processing of raw materials in a single location and minimizes the difficulty of providing processed goods to the ultimate consuming population. Thus, the abnormal Thai distribution suggests both extreme diversification and unification. This pattern seems completely consistent with Thailands highly succ essful agricultural and economic diversification programme, and Bangkoks role as a major world port serving a large consumer oriented population. Though Thailand is predominantly an agricultural economy with approximately 70-80 per cent of the labour force in that sector, Bangkok dominates a rapidly growing industrial and manufacturing segment of the economy. Though Bangkok has only 10 per cent of the countrys population, it has 29 per cent of the countrys national income, giving it a ratio of advantage of 2. 9. 26 The Bangkok Central Region similarly accounts for 37. 4 per cent of Thailands GDP. 27 Given Bangkoks superior communications infrastructure, major local and foreign corporations tend to locate in Bangkok. Banking is perhaps the economic area in which 19 Bangkok is most dominant. In Thailands capitalistic economy, private banks account for 80 per cent of credit available. Though branch banks have spread widely throughout the country to collect deposits, rural areas account for only 5-6 per cent of bank credits. 28 Bangkoks political, educational, and intellectual primacy is even more dramatic than its demographic and economic dominance. Thailands political system has been described as a bureaucratic polity. 29 Though Bangkok has only 10 per cent of the countrys population, 52 per cent of the elite are from Bangkok. 0 Three institutions have been central to Thailands contemporary political system: the bureaucracy, the military, and the monarchy. All ministries have large headquarters in Bangkok. The Department of Local Administration, Ministry of Interior, in Bangkok appoints all provincial governors and district officers, the most powerful local officials in the Thai government. Major military offices are similarly located in Bangkok. Historically, control of the First Army, which is responsible for Bangkok, has been a major avenue to both military and political power. 2 Though the monarchy has not played a direct role in politics since 1932, its presence in Bangkok provides the major source of political legitimacy. This was revealed most dramatically in the student revolution of 1973 when the monarchy refused to grant legitimacy to the three tyrants and again in April, 1981, when those engineering a coup against the Prem government were unable to attain royal legitimacy. 33 Since the student revolution of 1973, parliamentary politics has also grown in importance. But again Bangkok remains dominant. Most political parties are Bangkok based and led by prominent Bangkok polit icians. Under Thai law, Bangkok politicians can run in constituencies in remote rural provinces. In the summer of 1981, for example, former Prime Minister Kriangsak Chomanan was elected M. P. from Thailands Northeastern province of Roi-Et and it is quite common for prominent Bangkok politicians to run in rural constituencies. Though regional political parties have existed, their success has been limited. With 20 per cent of its population being students, Bangkok is the centre of Thailands educational system. Of Thailands eleven selective universities, eight are in Bangkok. Of ten private colleges, eight are also in Bangkok. Thailands large open university, Ramkhamhaeng, which now has over 200,000 students, is also in Bangkok. With the exception of several schools in Chiang Mai in northern Thailand, all of Thailands elite secondary schools, public and private, are in Bangkok. It, thus, should not be surprising that 48 per cent of those individuals passing the highly competitive entrance examination to selective universities are from Bangkok. This gives Bangkok students a ratio of advantage of six to one. Thus, it is necessary to live in Bangkok to attend elite secondary schools such as 0 Suan Gularb, St. Gabriels, Assumption, Bangkok Christian, Mater Dei, Wattana, and Satri Withaya. To illustrate the extent of Bangkoks educational dominance, imagine that Harvard, MIT, Yale, Michigan State, Berkeley, and Minnesota were all located in Washington, D. C. Given Bangkoks large student population, commuters look forward to the period of school vacations when the heavy traffic congestion declines noticeably. In view of Bangkoks dominance in politics, economics, and education, it is only natural to expect a strong cultural and intellectual primacy as well. Its cultural influence is predominantly expressed through the media such as films, television, radio, newspapers, and other printed materials. Though local regional newspapers do exist, Bangkoks seventeen daily newspapers are dominant, with Bangkoks Thai Rath having the nations largest circulation. With a heavy tax on foreign films imposed in 1976, the Thai film industry, based in Bangkok, has flourished. Since the student revolution of 1973, there has also been a major publishing boom, particularly in inexpensive paperbacks in Thai. Thailands many publishers are nearly all located in Bangkok. Push and Pull Factors Contributing to Migration into Bangkok Migration is the most commonly studied aspect of urbanization. 35 With respect to Thailand, migration has been a major factor contributing significantly to Bangkoks remarkably high index of primacy. Both push and pull factors explain Bangkoks role as a magnet in attracting migrants from all parts of the country as well as numerous foreign immigrants, primarily from China and India. Major push factors relate to Thailands agricultural context. The major sources of Bangkoks permanent migrants are from the agricultural provinces in the Central Region surrounding Bangkok. 6 Though most Thai farmers own their land, tenancy has increasingly become a problem in provinces near Bangkok and has reached as high as 18. 5 per cent in Ayuthaya province. 37 As tenants these farmers lose their commitment to the land, and face difficult economic conditions as farm labourers. A second push factor relates to the amount of agricultural land available. Historically, Thailand has had ample land available which enabled the children of large families to obtain adequately sized farm plots. This situation has now dramatically changed. There is now little possibility for the expansion of cultivable land, particularly given serious environmental concerns related to the overcutting of forests and the potential desertification of important rural areas. 38 An important third push factor relates to inadequate water for irrigation in Thailands populous Northeast, containing approximately a third of the nations total population. 39 Rainfed irrigation allows for only one crop 21 of rice in most of the Northeast, except for the limited areas near large dams which make possible multiple cropping. In the many areas with only one rice crop, farmers are idle for many months during the dry season. Consequently, they frequently migrate to Bangkok to take temporary jobs such as taxi or samlor drivers. 40 Though these agricultural push factors are important, Bangkoks urban pull factors are numerous as well. First, there is the large differential between incomes in Bangkok and most rural provinces (see Table 4). Though Bangkok has several sizeable slums, the incidence of poverty in Bangkok is only 12 per cent compared to 44 per cent in the rural Northeast. 41 Table 4 Income Differentials between Bangkok and Thailands Four Major Regions Region Northeast North South Central Bangkok * * 23 Baht are equal to approximately $1 U. S. Source: Somsak Xuto et at. , eds. , Pratheet Thai nai Thasawat 1980: Panhaa Samkhan Upasak lae Naewnom (Thailand in the Decade of the 1980s: Important Problems, Obstacles, and Trends) (Bangkok: Prasaansinkaanphim, 1981), p. 20. Annual Income Per Capita in Bant** 3,962 6,445 10,227 14,547 26,781 Second, the individual in Bangkok has access to a wide range of amenities, particularly of a public service nature and many highly subsidized by the central government. For example, 59. 8 per cent of government physicians and 51. 3 per cent of nurses work in Bangkok. 42 In Bangkok, 78. 5 per cent of homes have running water, while outside Bangkok only 5-10 per cent of homes have this amenity. 43 As mentioned above, many of Thailands public universities are in Bangkok, and their fees are kept intentionally low, covering only approximately 5 per cent of the costs of instruction, with the remainding funding provided by government subsidies. Private amenities in Bangkok are also impressive. 39. 8 per cent of Thailands private hospitals are located in Bangkok. 4 Other private amenities include huge modern shopping centres, thousands of excellent restaurants, a diverse set of night life establishments (bars, night clubs, 22 massage parlours, discos, and coffee shops), sports facilities (world class golf courses, squash and tennis courts, and swimming pools), and many luxurious but inexpensive movie theatres. Bangkoks television stations bring viewers the latest programmes from Hollywood, rock programmes from Germany, American NFL football, exciting Chinese drama, and satellite news from the worlds major capitals. Particularly for youth from remote rural areas used to dust, dryness, and everyday sameness, the bright lights of Bangkok can indeed become addictive, once the initial cultural shock is overcome. The Thai version of the Horatio Alger myth also drives individuals from the rural areas to Bangkok. There are the common stories, publicized by the media, of individuals from humble backgrounds and with little formal education who have become famous and wealthy millionaires. 45 The Nature of Bangkoks Crisis Though Bangkok has over 200 slums scattered around the city, it is estimated that only 100,000 families are without proper housing. 46 Thus, Bangkok fortunately diverges from the pattern typical of many Third World primate cities such as Bogota and Calcutta where slum and squatter populations constitute over 50 per cent of the citys population. 47 Toynbee describes mechanized cities as noisy, dirty, and soulless. 48 Though Bangkok is certainly noisy, it is definitely not soulless. Even in slum areas, there appears to be an impressive degree of conviviality and neighbourliness. 9 In Bangkok, there is little of the impersonality typical of many large industrial cities in the West. There is a plausible explanation for this. Since many of Bangkoks residents are recent migrants from rural areas, they bring with them to the city the conviviality of Thai rural culture. This cultural invasion ensures that the city retains its soul. This is not to deny that important cultural collisions are t aking place between the rural culture of migrants and an emerging modern urban way of life. 50 Any time spent in Bangkoks hectic traffic would lead to scepticism about the gentle Thais. In contrast, in pedestrian traffic, the slow leisurely pace of walking reflects the rural roots of many Thais living in Bangkok. 51 Bangkoks contemporary crisis has a number of dimensions. Most prominent is the imbalance between size of population and the citys environmental carrying capacity. If Bangkoks current population growth continues, the city will have a population of approximately twelve million by the year 2000. Even with a current population of roughly six million, Bangkoks physical quality of life has deteriorated seriously. It is common 23 or commuters in Bangkok to spend from two to four hours a day in getting to and from work. Air pollution, particularly along major roads, has reached harmful levels. Underground water is being consumed at an alarmingly high rate, contributing to the gradual sinking of the city. Recent years have also seen an increase in urban crime and middle and upper class families are reluctant to leave their homes unattended. Bangkoks traffic congestion is far more than an environmental problem. It also represents a serious drain on Thailands foreign exchange, given the high costs of imported energy. In addition, there are significant opportunity costs associated with extensive time lost in traffic congestion. This is particularly adverse for higher paid professionals and students. A second dimension of Bangkoks contemporary crisis relates to a growing disparity between the quality of private and public goods. Bangkoks ratio of private golf courses to public parks remains alarmingly high and epitomizes the nature of public-private disparities. In the area of transportation, there is the contrast between intensely crowded public buses and thousands of private luxury automobiles. A final disturbing statistical indicator is the unfortunately low ratio of public municipal libraries to luxury massage parlours. There are three major causes of Bangkoks contemporary crisis. The first relates to a lack of long-range integrated planning. Like many American corporate officials, Thai politicians and policy makers have been preoccupied with short-run immediate considerations. This is the problem which Textor terms tempocentrism, an adaptation of the concept of ethnocentrism to describe the dominance of contemporary values and the neglect of alternative futures. 2 Central to the planning problem has been a failure to integrate urban, regional, and national planning. 53 Also given the strong Thai cultural emphasis on personal freedom, no serious effort at land-use planning has been implemented. A second cause of Bangkoks crisis is a failure to recognize economic externalities. The metropolitan bus authority is expected to be selfsupporting financially. Any recognition of the many positive externalities of public transportation would lead to an acceptance of the need to subsidize public transportation heavily. External diseconomies with respect to various types of environmental deterioration are not being penalized adequately from either an economic or entropic perspective. The third major factor underlying Bangkoks crisis is the weakness of the tax system in collecting public revenues from urban wealth. Thailand still relies heavily on regressive indirect taxes, and the tax burden for the wealthy, as in many other societies, remains unreasonably small. 24 Existing Governmental Efforts to Reduce Bangkoks Primacy On a gradualist basis, the Thai government has been introducing policies to reduce Bangkoks primacy. In the education area, three major universities were established in each of the major regions of the country. Several Bangkok universities are also being gradually moved outside of Bangkok through the construction of new rural campuses. A new open long distance university, Sukothaithammatirat, enables students to take college level courses by correspondence without needing to reside in Bangkok. A major change in Thailands educational system introduced in 1980 is designed to deconcentrate Thailands overly centralized educational system. 4 New economic policies have also been implemented to channel more funds into rural development. In 1975, the Social Action Party of M. R. Kukrit Pramoj adopted the Ngoen Pan programme, which provided 2,500 million Baht to tambol (sub-district) councils to undertake a wide variety of rural projects based on local level needs and decision-making. This programme, now called the Rural Job Creation Programme under the current government, continues to funct ion and now provides annually 3,500 million Baht to rural areas. The programme provides jobs for rural farmers during their idle dry season. Thailand has fortunately had a remarkably successful family planning programme. As a result, the countrys natural rate of population growth has slowed considerably. 55 This has served to defuse part of the push factor, contributing to migration into Bangkok. The Thai government also has plans to develop its eastern seaboard, southeast of Bangkok as an alternative planned area for future urban and industrial growth. 56 The area has two deep sea ports which can potentially relieve the heavy congestion at Bangkoks own port. A new modern expressway now links Bangkok to the eastern seaboard. This seaboard area is also attractive because of its proximity to new natural gas pipelines from the Gulf of Thailand. The Thai government plans to invest heavily in new infrastructure for the region including a new Bangkok-SattahipRayong railroad. This infrastructure should be completed by the end of the Fifth Development Plan (1986). The eastern seaboard will be Thailands first fully planned industrial area. Major Policy Issues, Problems, and Recommendations From a political economy perspective, Bangkoks crisis of hyperurbanization primarily results from Thailands dual polarized development. Bangkoks growing wealth and amenities have been a dynamic magnet attracting migrants from throughout the nation and abroad. 25 As pointed out above, Bangkoks public goods are in many respects seriously deficient relative to private affluence. If policies are introduced, however, to improve Bangkoks public goods and services, this will compound the crisis of hyperurbanization. This represents a major policy paradox. A significant improvement of Bangkoks public services would also divert potential funds away from rural development. It is in effective rural development itself that the major solution can be found for Bangkoks hyperurbanization. While existing government programmes aimed at improving rural development are important, they are not sufficient. The gap between Bangkoks economic conditions and those in the countryside must narrow more rapidly. Underlying the present economic gap between rural areas and Bangkok is the basic political condition of what Thais frequently call half-leaf democracy. The rural sector is still inadequately represented in the Thai polity. Two political changes are needed to strengthen the voice of the rural sector. First, the appointed Senate dominated by Bangkok politicians and bureaucrats needs to be replaced by a popularly elected body to achieve full-leaf democracy. Second, Bangkok politicians should not be allowed to compete for parliamentary positions in rural constituencies. Political changes of these types would facilitate the development of public policies to improve the terms of trade for Thailands rural sector. Four basic economic policies are essential to improve Thai rural conditions. First, investments in small-scale irrigation projects for Thailands dry Northeast must be increased. Second, the government needs to support more aggressively better prices for Thai agricultural products, even though this will increase the cost of living for Bangkok residents. Third, a stronger land reform effort is needed in those provinces, especially in the Central Plains, where land tenancy has become a serious problem. 57 Fourth, new industries should be encouraged to locate outside Bangkok. In this regard, the new Eastern Seaboard Development Project is an impressive step in encouraging the dispersal of economic power and infrastructure. Related to the above policies, greater incentives must be provided to encourage professionals, particularly in the health field, to work in remote rural areas. Such individuals need to be more adequately compensated for the sacrifices they undergo in serving the countrys most needy areas. With respect to policies affecting urban development in Bangkok itself, three policy areas of critical importance are urban land values, land use planning, and public transportation. As in many other primate cities, land values in Bangkok have escalated rapidly encouraging significant speculation in land. A century ago, Henry George in his classical writings 26 on the need for a land tax eloquently exposed the detrimental consequences of free land speculation. 58 In contemporary times, Barbara Ward precisely defines the significant nature of this problem: A first principle in developing countries must therefore be to insure basic control over urban land prices But they have to be clear about one thing. If, at a time of breakneck urbanization, the public authorities have no controls over the land market or of the gains to be made there, the whole process will be skewed in favor of the skillful or lucky minority who use their private monopoly of ownership to engross fortunes created solely by the growth of the community Moreover, the increment of value secured by private owners will be irretrievably lost to the municipal authorities responsible for providing the citys basic infrastructure — water, drains, roads, schools, the whole apparatus of urbanity. They will simply fail to profit from the gains which they themselves create. 59 Ward also sees the planned control of land use as essential to achieving beauty, cleanliness, and a genuine community in an urban environment. Actually, the lack of adequate control of land use partially explains Bangkoks transportation crisis and its excessive reliance on mechanized road vehicles. Transportation researchers have shown that an urban train is thirty-eight times more efficient than an automobile and seven times more efficient than a bus. 1 Since public authorities in Bangkok have limited access to land, the costs of developing a rail system and acquiring the necessary land right of ways is extremely high and dramatically increasing. Thus, despite its much greater efficiencies and many positive externalities, a public rail system for Bangkok is difficult to achieve. Fortunately, during the past several years, Bangkoks bus system has improved significantly. Yet despite such improvements, the city still suffers enormous energy and economic losses from excessive traffic congestion. The long-run solution to Bangkoks traffic problem requires reduced dependence on mechanized road vehicles and the development of an above-ground62 rail system connecting major areas of Bangkok. Bangkoks hyperurbanization and extensive dominance as a primate city present a dramatic challenge to Thai policy makers and planners. Even in the Soviet Union, which has highly unified and comprehensive civic planning, Moscow and Leningrad have doubled in size despite explicit policies designed to limit the urban growth of these major cities. Thus, it is inevitable that Bangkok will continue to grow. The question instead is whether the growth can be reduced in any meaningful way. 27 Throughout its history, Thailand has shown considerable resilience in responding to challenges. The country avoided Western colonialization and survived World War II without serious loss of life or damage to national cultural treasures. Despite many predictions to the contrary, the IndoChina war did not spill over into Thailand. 63 Unlike many Third World countries which are overly dependent on a few export commodities, Thailand has successfully diversified its exports and markets. For these reasons, there is hope that Thailand can deal creatively and successfully with its Bangkok problem. Jeremy Rifkin in an important new book directly related to the problems of hyperurbanization brilliantly articulates the supreme law of entropy which governs nature and everything we do. Commenting on urban problems, he states: The challenge is whether this decline can be halted, or whether all big cities are to falter and eventually become ghosts of their once-thriving selves The sober truth is that we can no longer afford to maintain these incredibly entropic urban environments. 64 I am optimistic that Thailand can respond to this challenge and moderate the dangerous entropy associated with Bangkoks hyperurbanization. Several factors underly my optimism. First, there is Thailands achievement in the field of birth control in recent years. Such success significantly reduces pressures from natural growth. In this sense, Bangkok is far ahead of cities such as Mexico City or N airobi. Second, there is Thailands explicit plan to develop its eastern seaboard as an alternative commercial and industrial centre. Related to this second factor is the rapid urbanization of Thailands regional areas. In fact, smaller regional towns are now growing faster than Bangkok. 65 Regional cities such as Chiang Mai, Phuket, and Chantaburi presently offer a higher quality of life than Bangkok itself, and are beginning to attract migrants from Bangkok. This emerging pattern appears consistent with Doxiadis ideal as summarized by Toy n bee: As Dr. Doxiadis puts it, the closed city has now to be replaced by one that is open-ended. Long before the pressure on a particular city-centre has increased to a degree at which it would be intolerable, the increase must be halted by diverting the further quanta of the mounting pressure to another centre — and then to another and another, in a continually lengthening echelon, as population, construction, production, and traffic continue to increase. 66 28 A third encouraging factor is represented by efforts such as the rural job creation project to reduce the economic push for migration to Bangkok. Illustrative of rapid development outside Bangkok is the following health statistic. In 1972, 78. 6 per cent of private hospitals were in Bangkok. But by 1977, this percentage had dropped significantly to 39. 8 per cent. A fourth positive development has been the construction of rural campuses by major Bangkok universities such as Mahidol and Kasetsart. Given these trends, there is certainly the possibility that Bangkoks primacy may lessen as new commercial and industrial activities are dispersed to the eastern seaboard and rapidly growing regional towns where basic economic costs are lower. Bangkoks own role as a governmental, cultural, and intellectual centre could then be stressed. With such an orientation much of Bangkoks traditional and classic beauty could be preserved. Buddhism provides Thailand with a basic value system consistent with the ecotopian67 ideal and a less entropic urbanization pattern. A fundamental question for the future is whether Bangkok in its quest for an improved quality of life will turn outward to excessive materialism and follow the urban patterns of societies dominated by the private automobile, or will turn inward towards its own rich cooperative Buddhist traditions and become a balanced garden and machine society.

Human 215 Unit 3 DB Early Periods

Researchers in early days found it difficult to date the events that happened in the past because by then man had not invented writing. They therefore studied the artifacts and fossils that were excavated by archeologists to estimate the period when an event occurred (Clisson et al., 2002).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human 215 Unit 3 DB: Early Periods specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Archeological studies state that the ancient inhabitants of Amazon were hunters and gatherers. They were called Scythians and they were livestock farmers. There herds-men used to ride on a horse back. This has been proved by the artifacts that have been excavated in the recent which include spears and arrows. These societies shifted from one area to another in pursuit of water and pastures for their animals. Hathaway (2003) argues that these people did not grow crops thus they obtained food by trading their livestock products wi th crops produce from their neighbors. Due to their lifestyle they had the best archers who were renowned for their excellence in arching skills. These archers used to be hired by their neighbors to provide security. What we don’t know is how they were paid for their services because by then currency had not been invented. Archeological studies have established that the Scythians wore clothing purely made from animal hides and skins. Both men and women used to wear caps that were made in various shapes. Men and particularly warriors used to put on tunics that were decorated with metallic plates of gold. These tunics were fastened by a belt that was also used to hold the weapons of a warrior such as club and axe. The society was defended by both female and male warriors who made the defense system of these communities to stand out from the rest. Women cut their right breast because they believed it was abstracting them when they wanted to use bows and arrows (Hathaway, 2003). This act explains how the name Amazon came into being. Clisson (2002) argues that Europe managed to control the new world because it was the pioneer of industrialization. It relied on other regions such as Africa to produce raw materials for its industries. This was done by creating colonies in this states and assigning them to governors who served the interests of Europe. Africans were evicted from their lands which were then given out to European farmers. Africans were then forced to work in these plantations. Industrialization improved the livelihood of most Europeans and that’s what motivated Europe to expand her territory beyond the big water bodies.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Ricaut et al (2004), Europe was the first region to be civilized because Greece had many scholars who moved out of Europe when the region was faced with many battles. In fact, the fi rst system of government was established in Europe. This government was very stable and that’s what enabled Britain to dominate the rest of the world. The ancient inhabitants of Amazon were eliminated gradually. This was caused by the decrease in food because they had exhausted the hunting fields and the little that was left could hardly sustain them. Industrialization and urbanization also contributed to their extinction because the habitats of world animals were destroyed to create room for human dwelling places. The few inhabitants of Amazon could have intermarried with early explorers of Amazon hence they were absorbed by other tribes. The frequent battles that are believed to have been staged in Amazon could have led to deaths of the original inhabitants of Amazon. Some of the original inhabitants of Amazon could have been sold to slave traders in order to provide labor force in European farms. Once they arrived there they could have mingled with other slaves from other regions thus became extinguished (Ricaut et al., 2004). References Clisson,I. et al. (2002).†Genetic analysis of human remains from a double inhumation in a frozen kurgan in Kazakhstan† (Berelsite, early 3rd century BC).International Journal of Legal Medicine.116:304-308 Hathaway, J. (2003).A Tale of Two Factions: Myth, Memory, and Identity in Ottoman Egypt and Yemen. Albany: Sunny Press. Ricaut, F.et al. (2004).†Genetic analysis and Ethnic Affinities From Two Scytho-siberian skeletons†, American Journal of Physical Anthropology.123:351-360Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human 215 Unit 3 DB: Early Periods specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Human 215 Unit 3 DB: Early Periods was written and submitted by user Farrah Huffman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Quotation About Best Practice In Supervision Social Work Essay Essay Example

Quotation About Best Practice In Supervision Social Work Essay Essay Example Quotation About Best Practice In Supervision Social Work Essay Essay Quotation About Best Practice In Supervision Social Work Essay Essay Koster ( 2003 ) stated that supervising leads to a mental and emotional instruction that can steer practical work, frees fixed forms of experience and behavior and promotes the willingness every bit good as the ability to move appropriately, carefully and bravely ( p1 ) . This essay will research Koster s citation about best pattern in supervising, in relation to supervising in the country of reding. This essay will besides place the benefits and troubles of supervising, in respects to reding, that can originate in supervising. Examples from a personal position will be presented on how supervising throughout work experience enabled hard state of affairss to be handled. Furthermore, an analysis of how effectively supervising was conducted throughout work experience, every bit good as personal suggestions on betterments of supervising in that work scene. Koster s quotation mark does talk truth as supervising can take to all kinds of positive and negative developments ( Pelling, Bowers A ; Armstrong, 2007 ) . In peculiar he claims that it can take to mental and emotional instruction that guides practical work, frees from fixed forms of experience and behavior. Supervision in guidance is really critical as it aims to increase self-awareness and enhances professional competency which will steer the supervisee throughout their work in a confident mode ( Pelling, Bowers A ; Armstrong, 2007 ) , which is similar to what Koster is seeking to province. The end of supervising is chiefly about the supervisee s developmental growing and professional consciousness ( Pelling, Bowers A ; Armstrong, 2007 ) . Which once more leads back to Koster s quotation mark about how supervision leads to development ; and that development of experience will steer the supervisee throughout their work in reding. Thorough supervising, the supervisee will turn, reflect and develop in their professional and personal accomplishments. It is through these developments that will change their behavior that will finally steer them through their work to move in a suited, careful and bravely ; throughout their calling in reding. Which in return, is critical for a counselor as his or her mental and emotional instruction demands to continually develop, and this can be accelerated through supervising. It can be said that a figure of persons and administrations can profit from quality clinical supervising. Quality supervising is about doing certain the client is non being harmed and is being assisted to carry through established ends in aptly appropriate ways, the receiving system of reding services is the first to profit ( Page A ; Wosket, 1994 ) . The bulk of the conversation in supervisory Sessionss Centres on intercessions being used for the client and progress to how the supervisee is stressed with assorted parts of the instance. While the supervisor is interacting, clear uping, explicating, educating, back uping and coming up with helpful professional intercessions, another individual is profiting from this piece interacting back to their supervisor the supervisee. As Pelling, Bowers, and Armstrong ( 2007 ) suggests: This is where the supervisee s range of pattern, expertness and penetration is being deliberately and incrementally expanded. Prosecuting supervisors in the battle for apprehension is valuable for deep acquisition to happen. In this sense it is the clinical stuff that is the instructor, non merely the supervisor themselves. Supervision can insulate the supervisee from work-related emphasis, diversely referred as burn-out. ( p. 126 ) In add-on, if the supervisee is an learner from an educational constitution, the administration itself benefits with the development of a more adept and safe practician ( Pelling, Bowers A ; Armstrong, 2007 ) . This gives the administration an first-class repute for back uping and suitably developing the people in their charge in a professional mode, hence supervising being provided by the administration benefits the administration with a good positive professional repute. Last of all, the clinical supervisor additions a great trade from offering supervising. While they support the supervisees, their apprehension of clinical work, cognition, experience, the universe and themselves develops a great trade and the sense of fulfillment of being linear to so many is so rewarding and satisfying ( Pelling, Bowers A ; Armstrong, 2007 ) . Supervision can be a valuable constructive acquisition tool, but at times troubles in supervising can do it a negative experience. Moskowitz and Rupert ( 1983 ) found in their research, within USA, that supervisees reported that 38 % of those surveyed claimed that there had been troubles and struggle in their supervising that interfered with their acquisition. Their research further found that there are three major countries of troubles and struggle that arise in supervising: theoretical orientation, manner of supervising and personality issues ( Moskowitz A ; Rupert, 1983 ) . Differences in theoretical orientation may take to troubles and struggle in supervising ( Carroll A ; Gilbert, 2006 ) . In assorted administrations, supervisees may non hold a pick of a supervisor and may possibly stop up acquiring supervised by person who has a different theoretical to their ain. For illustration, a supervisor may be convinced of the rightness of their orientation and is non ready to accept intervention that arise from a different school of psychological science. These differences in theoretical orientation are a common job in supervising and it may take to rifts between the supervisor and supervisee, hence neglecting to negociate differences of this sort ( Holloway, 1995 ) . Second, troubles and struggles may originate in supervising when it comes to the manner of supervising. Some supervisors have a formal manner whilst others have an informal manner of attack ( Carroll A ; Gilbert, 2006 ) . There are four unsatisfactory manners of supervising that cause struggles and troubles: constricting supervising ; formless supervising ; unsupportive supervising ; and therapeutic supervising ( Abott, 1984 ) . In the constructive type, there is limited liberty. In the formless type, there is really small supervisory part and the supervisor may hold a slightly laissez faire mentality to the full procedure, where whatever happens goes . Unsupportive supervisors are unfriendly and distant and supervisees would non willingly near them with their troubles. Curative supervising transforms the supervisee into a patient while the supervisor takes on the place of the therapist frequently in a persistent and pushful mode that infantilizes the supervisee ( Carroll A ; Gilbert, 2006 ) . The last manner of supervising that causes struggle and troubles is known as personality issues. This is when there is a personality clang between the supervisor and supervisee which can ensue to a rupture in the supervisory confederation ( Carroll A ; Gilbert, 2006 ) . These ruptures are frequently caused by confusion in communicating, for illustration the supervisor may misinterpret something the supervisee has said in a negative manner. Furthermore, the ecstasy may be merely be caused by the supervisees ain defensiveness. An illustration would be that the supervisee may move defensively when the supervisor gives feedback, hence doing a strain in the supervising relationship. Supervision is a valuable tool for a supervisee when they are holding trouble covering with their client in an effectual professional mode. Whatever the job is, in respects to the wellbeing of the client, the supervisee can discourse these issues throughout supervising in order to bring out helpful intercessions in covering with the affair ( Wosket, 1999 ) . An illustration from work experience in which supervising enabled to cover efficaciously with a hard state of affairs, is when there was a client who brought up an issue that was hard to manage. The ground the issue was hard to manage is because there was limited cognition in that country and there was no assurance in covering with the affair. So in order to cover with this quandary, it was brought up to the attending to the supervisor throughout the supervising session. Throughout the supervising session the supervisor, listened to the quandary and asked exploratory inquiries, made encouraging statements and shared self- revelation. She besides in return, working the supervisee, came up with intercessions to set together in order for the supervisee to manage the fighting instance. The supervisor clarified the job to the supervisee and explored possible accounts and intercessions for the supervisee to see. The supervisee filled in the spreads of the cognition and asked the supervisee to reflect and research options on how he will set the explored intercessions in to action. The supervisor besides used modeling and role-plays to demo the supervisee on how they might be able to help their client. So through supervising, the supervisor s challenges and confrontations facilitated the supervisee s critical contemplation and acquisition, hence this gave assurance to the supervisee to manage and cover with their hard state of affairs. A concise dislocation will presently be offered on how efficiently supervising was carried right through work experience. Supervision was conducted efficaciously because the supervisor followed a important procedure in order for supervising to map at its best. The initial supervising session is when the supervisor clarified what the supervisee has done in the yesteryear in respects to pattern and supervising, and asks where they would wish aid. When it came to the day-to-day supervising Sessionss, it was noted at times that the supervisor would follow a procedure right from get downing to stop. When the supervisee had an issue, it would be looked exhaustively. Issues discussed in supervising included: intercession schemes and future programs ; counsellor professional development ; supervisee client confederation and boundaries ; client issues and end scene ; supervisor supervisee relationship ; ethical and legal issues ; and so on. Once the issue were discussed, the supervisor would inquire a series of structured inquiries in order to derive elucidation, every bit good as leting the supervisee to reflect and offload. Such helpful inquiries included: What are you experiencing and positions about the issue? ; Where do you experience most confused? ; what sort of aid would you like? ; and what are the key inside informations I need to cognize about the instance? . Furthermore, during supervising the supervisor and supervisee took notes during Sessionss to hold an on-going record of programs, subjects, battles, clients discussed, larning and advancement. Once the issue was discussed and the supervisor asked her inquiries, the supervisor would so promote the supervisee to: understand the job ; happen links among the information ; develop a intervention program to set into pattern ; and make a on the job proposition ( Carroll A ; Gilbert, 2006 ) . Towards the terminal of every supervising session, the supervisor would give provender back every bit good as ask for verbal feedback back from the supervisee. The supervisor would inquire something every bit simple as How was our session for you today? or Was this session valuable or unbeneficial to you today? Summarizing up, supervising was conducted efficaciously because the supervisor followed a valuable procedure throughout the Sessionss. Apart from following an effectual procedure, the supervisor herself was encouraging, respectful, echt, empathic, and self-disclosed, which as a consequence added further to the effectivity of supervising. From personal experience, the supervising that took topographic point during work arrangement can non be faulted. However, there is deficiency of cognition of how the other supervisors function in their function, as during arrangement merely one supervisor was given to work closely with. Concentrating strictly on the supervisor provided with, her name being Amy, she was nil but professional, educated and friendly. One could propose that Amy is the ideal supervisor as throughout work arrangement she ever showed regard, genuineness, empathy and was ever encouraging. She was besides concrete and showed a great trade self-disclosure throughout supervising. As stated, Amy would be the ideal supervisor as her supervising qualities match what Carifo and Hess found in their research in what makes an ideal supervisor. Carifo and Hess ( 1987 ) found that the ideal supervisor is a individual who shows regard, empathy, genuineness, concreteness and self-disclosure in his or her traffics with su pervisees ( p.247 ) . So as one can see, supervising can non be faulted as it was nil other but a positive acquisition experience, with the aid of a true professional supervisor who knew how to work in her function. Therefore, it is excessively complex to come up with suggestions for betterments for supervising in the work scene because it merely worked to good in order to propose any alterations. Supervision may hold its benefits and troubles, but it is those experiences a supervisee needs to see in order to develop their mental and emotional experience. It is these developments and experiences that allow the person to be able to larn and manage future challenges in their country of reding. With the right supervisor, every bit good as holding regular supervising Sessionss that are conducted efficaciously, it will accordingly transform the supervisee into a stronger counselor who is willing to larn, act appropriately, carefully and bravely ; throughout their guidance calling.

Forgiveness, Justice, Revenge Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Forgiveness, Justice, Revenge - Research Paper Example Body Statement III: The biblical story 'Parable of the Prodigal Son’ reinstates 'forgiveness' as the act of remission of sins, which can bring back a repenting person to the path of righteousness, and by doing so, he is saved from being lost again. Body Statement IV: â€Å"The Sunflower† shows the struggle between the inner demon craving for revenge, and the righteousness in an individual by hating the crimes done by himself, as well as the whole Jewish community. Body Statement V: The movie ‘TSOTSI,’ brings to focus the hope forgiveness and social acceptance of Tsotsi. Body Statement VI: In the movie ‘UNFORGIVEN’ the ancient notions of justice are projected, where only the act of vengeance can bring peace to the gratification of mind. Conclusion: Forgiveness, Justice, Revenge 'Forgiveness', 'Justice' and 'Revenge' are the three significant concepts that have allured the writers of all ages. The perspectives about these concepts vary according to the workings of individual mind, and the extremity of victimization. These notions have different meanings attached to them, yet they are closely related to each other. This paper provides a definition to the concept of forgiveness with reference to the concepts of justice and revenge. The thesis statement of this study is that, the concept of forgiveness can be defined as the pardoning of sins, so that we can let go the feeling of hurt from our heart, freeing ourselves from anger, malice and contempt. Barb Toews in her work "Restorative Justice for People in Prison," (What is Restorative Justice?) states that a crime has the power to hurt its victims, offenders, as well as the community. In this book, Toews suggests that the victims and their families, community members and offenders and their families require a variety of lawful needs such as companionship and security, strengthening one’s status, expression of inner thoughts, right to know, development, and transparency . Since each of the lawful needs experienced by the individuals vary from each other, these needs can be met with the help of a community, committed to restorative justice. The needs of those victims struggling with the aftermath of crime, if met in time, can reduce crime the crime rates in future. The victims of today have the potential to become the offenders of tomorrow, as they surrender themselves to the cold-heartedness and self-imprisonment of vengeance. The victims of crime should be served with justice, or else they will be inclined to take law in their own hands, rather than fighting to make the law work. By serving ‘justice,’ the victim is served right, and by forgiving he can let go the hurt caused by the crime. The term ‘forgiveness’ is entangled with the terms: ‘justice’ and ‘revenge’. To define ‘forgiveness’, it is essential to distinguish between ‘justice’ and ‘revenge’. Reveng e is an insane and brutal notion in which a man seeks 'an eye for an eye’. In revenge, an individual cultivates anger and hatred in his soul so much, that his consciousness is overcome by the inner demon. In revenge, a man seeks to outdo injustice with another form of injustice. In other words, it is an act or thought of settling justice in a

How have changes in the world economy since 1945 affected room for Essay

How have changes in the world economy since 1945 affected room for manoeuvre of multinational firms - Essay Example The years 1945 and the early 1950 have experienced a fall in the multinational investments. One of the prominent reasons behind a fall in the foreign direct investments was spread of communism combined with the harsh impacts of World War II. There was a spread of Communism in the Eastern Europe in the late 1940’s, and China experienced it in 1949 (Jones, 2005, p.30). During the war, USA was the only country in which experienced a significant increase in foreign direct investments. However, there was an eventual fall in the investments followed by a dramatic growth of the domestic economy. After the World War II, there was a major geo-political division of the world. This division was between the capitalist West, the communist East and the Third World (Dicken, 2010, p.16). This division proved to be very important for the multinationals. This is because it was through this division that the companies determined their strategies to expand or to internationalize. An independent economic system was made by the Eastern Block, as it drew boundaries around itself and the Eastern European Satellites. This boundary was made so that the foreign companies could remain outside, hence they were entirely excluded (Jones, 2005, p.31). The Western Economic order was seen to be much dominated by the US. Western dominance advocated for liberalism at the same time they maintained strict protectionist policies. Moreover, the previously decolonized countries from the 1950’s were being colonized and this led to an unprecedented beginning of internationalization and the emergence of a global economy (Hewitt, 2000, p.289). Most of the countries consider themselves to have observed resurrection from the early 1950’s, when the USA was left in a unique powerful position. It was because of Bretton Woods’s system that dollar was set as gold convertible, which made it a major reserve currency of the world. Majority of

Consider Thomas Hardys Essay Example for Free

Consider Thomas Hardys Essay In the dictionary the word Isolation means to be separate or a part from others. I think if someone is isolated then it would be a negative aspect because they are alone and have nothing to do with anyone else. The reason for the various isolations in the two texts differs because of the different time periods they were set in. In the two books I am comparing is the Withered Arm by Thomas Hardy and Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck. I feel that in both texts there are a few characters with their lives or they had illegitimate children. The text Of mice and Men was written in the 1930s the time period of the depression. In the most of John Steinbecks books he describes the life of people working on the land and that his characters are all often poor. This was because he wanted to show how real the life was during that time. Within his books men and women rarely understood each other because of the lack of communication. During the time when John Steinbeck wrote Of Mice and Men people would frown upon coloured people, the handicapped, the old and women. They also were prejudice about women. The text the Withered Arm was written in the late 19th century in England. The book is set in a place called Wessex and the expectations at the time are different compared to the ones we have in todays society. In that time social classes were expected to marry inside their class and not below that. Otherwise this would be considered a disgrace to the family of the higher class. Thomas Hardy introduces Rhode as his First character who is isolated. He establishes her isolation as her sitting on her away from the others Where a thin fading women of thirty milked somewhat apart from the rest. The word fading and somewhat apart from the rest reveals that she was separated from the rest of the milkmaids. Further on in the first chapter Hardy also establishes her loneliness by where she lives lay part from that of the others, to a lonely spot high above the water-meads this also show her isolation. The characters who are lonely are Candy, Crooks and Curleys wife in the text Of Mice and Men. They are lonely because each one of them is different from everyone else. Such as Crooks is black, Candy is disabled and Curleys wife is a women. The reason for them being lonely is because of the societys attitude, which they lived in. The two characters that are not lonely are George and Lennie. This is as they have each other for company whereas everybody does not. Lennie and George treat each other, as they were family because they have been together for a very long time. Because I got you an___ An I got you. We got each other, thats what, that gives a hot in hell about us. That quote indicates what Lennie say to George about them having each other to look after and keeping each other company. George needed Lennie because he wanted someone who would listen to him and not say anything. Lennie need Georges because he is not able to handle himself and also George promised Lennies aunt that he would look after him. Thomas Hardy describes Rhodes Brooks house as it old and worn It was built of mud walls, the surface of which had been washed by many rains left none of the original flat face visible here and there in the thatch above a rafter showed like a bone protruding through the skin. This suggests that Rhode did not a great house and that it was old just like her. The quote also indicates that the house had been through some hard times. In the text Of Mice and Men John Steinbeck writes about one female character that is known as Curleys wife. As the reader I feel sympathy for her, as she is the only woman on the ranch. She is also isolated because her husband does not like her talking to any of the other workers, and also her own husband hardly speaks to her. The author has not given her a name because during that time period women were not as important as men, furthermore she is so isolated that the author decided on not given her a name. The effect this has on the reader is that she belongs to Curley unlike her being an individual person. So therefore the reader feels a little bit of sympathy for her. Thomas Hardy writes about a little boy in his book Withered Arm who is also nameless like Curleys Wife. In the book he is referred as Rhodes son. Rhodes son is isolated because his mother had an affair with Farmer Lodge. The main reason that he is isolated is that his mother moved further away from the farm, so therefore he does not live close by to anybody. I feel that Rhodes son is a victim of the circumstances between Farmer Lodge and Rhode because he was a product of their affair, and then Rhode moved away so she could be away from society. As a result Rhodes son does not have friends. John Steinbeck writes about another isolated man named Crooks. The reason Crooks is so isolated is because during the time period everyone was prejudice against coloured people, and he was black. Another reason he is isolated as that he isolates himself to have some respect in the white world. Crooks was born with a disability, therefore he feels that he need to isolate himself further. He makes friends with Candy and Lennie as they isolated on the farm. When Crooks first meets Candy and Lennie it says he kept is his distance and demanded that other people keep theirs. This indicates that Crooks does not want anyone to be close to him. Though as the story goes on he makes friends with Candy and Lennie. I feel sorry for Crooks for being coloured and handicapped as he is very friendly person. In both the texts that I read there are two more handicapped people, named Gertrude from the Withered Arm and Candy from Of Mice and Men. Candy is isolated as he is old and has only got one arm since it was cut off when he was working on the farm. Gertrude isolated because one night Rhode cast a spell on her arm. In both texts Gertrude and Candy are alike because of their arms. They are not as isolated as Crooks or Rhode, since they only have a small isolation problem, unlike the rest. In the beginning of the text Withered Arm Farmer Lodge is presented as being bold and proud. He is proud as he has a new wife Gertrude, who is a lot younger than him and plus she is very beautiful. Gertrude starts to get a problem in one of her arms, as time passes her arm gets worse, therefore Farmer Lodge feels as she is not as pretty as before. This makes Farmer Lodge change. He also feels depressed since his son is hung and this changes him. The reason for him to isolate himself is that all these problems are occurring around him and he feels that it is his fault. So he moves away from his farm. In conclusion I consider that isolation is a negative aspect in someones life. I think that when people are isolated dreaming keeps them from getting trough. Like for instance Lennie and Georges dream to open up a farm or their own and Rhodes dream to get back with Farmer Lodge. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE John Steinbeck section.

The 20s And Sinclair Lewis Essay -- essays research papers

The theme in books by Sinclair Lewis1 relates to the time in which they were written. In both Babbit (1922) and Main Street (1920) Lewis shows us the American culture of the 1920's. He writes about the growing cities, the small towns, the common American man, the strong American need to conform, cultural integration, morals (or lack of in some cases), and he touches upon the women lib movement. All of these and more successfully describe the 1920's. "The parties were bigger... the pace was faster, the shows were bigger, the buildings were higher, the morals were looser..."2 - F. Scott Fitzgerald Lewis attacks the American middle class business man in Babbit. As Sheldon Grebstein once put it: "They ( Lewis's characters ) become puppets rather than performers." ( S. Lewis, Amer. Author Series 68 ) He uses the ideas and attitudes already in existence and gives them a plot. He uses sarcasm to show the readers the error of their ways and then makes the main character suffer some how to show the consequences of being the way George F. Babbit is. Americans felt a need to rise in social status in the 1920's. Things like art and religion did not even make it in the maybe pile. Money and social acceptance was number one in every household. "His ( Americans ) only way to assume protective coloration, to loose himself in the crowd, and then to be approved by one of its members." ( S. Lewis, Amer. Author Series 78 ) George F. Babbit. A forty-six, middle class, overweight, suburban real estate dealer. To add to the mix he is a father and a husband. Babbit is Lewis's picture of the middle class businessman. H.L. Menekan states: " The fellow simply dri... ... a forced teacher's resignation and eventually to Fern's departure. Later Fern writes to Carol and informs her of even Ferns' own families' shame upon her and also of the refusal of another job by other teaching agencies. At last, Carol became utterly discouraged with her dozens of failed endeavors and left town. Even the most ambitious and educated are helpless in a town where tradition reigns over common sense. Through out the story of Carol Kennicott and her painstaking efforts, Main Street demonstrates conformity in small towns as well as the significance of conformity historically. It didn't matter wheather or not the people liked her ideas or if they were good for the comunity, her plans to change Golpher Prarie were denined and she was shunned for even thinking them. Change was not welcome in a small town. In Babbit and Main Street Sinclair Lewis repeataly shows his reactions to the new feeling of the 1920's. These times fueled him into writing his two most well known books in which he shows his fustration of selfish, Capitalistic, mid-western America.

Employment Agency Essay

Founding a particular organization requires a definite goal and utilities in order to achieve that objective. And since organizations need to have reliable staff and people who will function as the primary facilitator to execute the goals, then employing a group of credible individuals will benefit the organization. An agency can easily find the right people to fill different job positions of companies (Wikipedia, 2007). Apparently, one of the most common ways for an organization or office to recruit personnel for its different department operations is by coordinating with employment agencies. It really does not matter whether the agency is a non-profit, public or private type. As long as an employment outfit is able to render its services to an organization by sustaining its needs, then most probably a bureau will tend to request for assistance from an employment agency of choice. A person may ask, why would an organization utilize employment agencies instead of using its assets to hire laborers? The first possible reason may come from the aspect of cost efficiency. Primarily, organizations seek the help of these labor agencies because of the relative convenience the process can provide. Since agencies have a complete database of applicants for different fields, the organization will never undergo the process of coming up with an advertisement operation to gather qualified individuals. This will save the company a huge amount of money in terms of logistics. One more reason in using an employment agency is that an organization will be relieved from the responsibility of sustaining the needs of an employee in terms of labor welfare and rights. The agency can conduct all the necessary processes in order to help the organization provide the important aspects of employing people for its operations. Matters such as insurance benefits, social security membership and other labor related remunerations can be shouldered by the agency with minimal fees. Using the functions of an employment agency can greatly speed up the process of hiring for a company’s needs. Basically, the compatibility of the organization’s demands and the agency’s service will prove to be of great advantage for both parties.

Why The Panthella Lamp Is A Success - 1046 Words

The Panthella floor lamp was designed by a very popular Denmark interior and furniture designer Verner Panton, a qualified architect whom mainly designed lamps born in 1922 - 1998 his Panthella lamp was his most popular light design, in 1971 the lamp was designed by Verner Panton and manufactured by Louis Co established in 1892 Denmark. (Panthella. n.d) This Essay investigates why the Panthella lamp is a success, its design history and what makes it desirable to the consumer, I choose the lamp from the Landmarks collection at Auckland Museum because of its similarities in shape and metaphorical relationship to my group’s own product the ‘Pokà ©cup’ and business model. In relation to the western cannon historically being quite a recent lamp†¦show more content†¦In relation the BMC the Panthella created good value proposition through having good fitness for purpose, long durability through its new for its time ABS plastic material and also having great st yle and different color options that consumers could become emotionally attached. In Verner Panton’s early stages of designing lights, he partnered with Louis Poulsen a Danish Lighting manufacture established in 1874, (louis, 2006) although he was the soul designer of the Panthella floor lamp Louis Poulsen was a key partnership in the BMC for the Panthella that funded, manufactured and distributed the Panthella all over the world through their global distribution. â€Å"With Louis Poulsen as a partner, we can together create a future-proof lighting project that fulfils the highest standards of quality functionality and design.† (Louis, n.d.) They are a leading, well respected light manufacture that have received numerous prizes and awards including the ‘novo Eco award’ (Louis, n.d.). Being launched in a time period considered a ‘consumer society 1858-1981 (Best, 2015), the Panthella did very well in sales and became has become very popular to this present day, as a result Louis Poulsen recently announced on the 29th July 2016 a smaller desktop version of the Panthella called the Panthella MINI table. Since the retro-wave of the 1990s rolled over us, enthusiasm for Verner Panton s lamps has risen