Friday, December 27, 2019

Prenatal And Early Postnatal Periods - 1514 Words

Introduction Season of Birth (SOB) is influenced during prenatal and early postnatal periods and is thought to affect the brain resulting in various personality traits (Kazanteva et al., 2014). SOB may also affect a person psychologically or physiologically, such as with sleep patterns and handedness (Dome et al., 2010). Many of the research done on SOB define season base on the northern hemisphere as spring (March to May), summer (June to August), autumn (September to November) and winter (December to February) (Merriam-Webster, 2015). Some scientists postulate that SOB is also influenced by environmental factors, such amount of sunlight exposed to the individual. Which SOB has been seen in some people with disorders, such as†¦show more content†¦Both the patients who had schizophrenia and the patients, who did not, were divided into subgroups base on their age, gender and income status. There were a total of 631,911 individuals, 306,194 were male, and 325,717 were female. 5,047 of the individuals had schizophrenia, 2,796 were male and 2,251 were female. All of the participants aged from 21 to 60 years old. The age was divided into 10-years periods, from 1950-1959, 1960-1969, 1970-1979, and 1980-1989. Then the subgroups was divided into gender, and further into income status. The income status was divided into low (USD 0-1007), medium (USD 1007-20,000), and high (USD 20,000). The result showed a high in February and a low from June and July. However, overall there were not any patterns that could be observed. There was a significant different was only in female participants (P0.00001). There was also a significant different in female and male participants who had schizophrenia. Months of May, August, and November was high in male who had schizophrenia and deficit in December. However, there was a different research that also focuses on SOB and schizophrenia. The experiment was done in Puerto Rico, with the temperatures ranging from low of 65 °F to high of 78 °F (Carrion-Baralt et al., 2006). Some researchers thought that SOB was influence by temperature. Carrion-Baralt and his team decideShow MoreRelatedThe Stem Cell Therapy ( Iusct )1641 Words   |  7 Pagesare considered to be perinatally lethal or associated with significant disability and morbidity if intervention is delayed to postnatal period (1). Recent advances in prenatal diagnostic techniques have enabled early prenatal diagnosis of a wide variety of genetic disorders. IUSCT has the following advantages over postnatal therapy: the immune system of the fetus at early gestation is still immature; which is the basis for the unique immunologic tolerance phenomenon described many years ago (2).Read MoreThe Role Of Literature Of Maternal Depression During Prenatal Stages1110 Words   |  5 Pages Evaluating the Relationship of Literature of Maternal Depression during Prenatal Stages. Depression can occur at any time. We often hear talk of postpartum depression or the baby blues, which occurs shortly after the birth of a baby. Though we rarely discuss depression that occurs during pregnancy or prenatal depression. There are estimates that as many as 70% of women will experience symptoms of depression during pregnancy, making it a widespread concern. However, these depressive symptoms areRead MoreWhat Are The Effects Of Prenatal Choline Supplementation On Spatial Working Memory?1345 Words   |  6 Pagesalcohol-related deficits. The present review explores the ability of choline, a critical nutrient for brain development, to reduce alcohol-related deficits in spatial memory at three distinct developmental stages. Thomas et al. (2) explore the effects of prenatal choline supplementation on spatial working memory. Experimenters randomly assigned pregnant rats to receive oral injection of ethanol (EtOH) accompanied by saline of choline supplementation during gestational days 5-20. After birth, the offspringRead MoreWhat Is Meant By Plasticity On The Context Of Neural Development And Briefly Describe How It Occurs As A Lifelong Essay1219 Words   |  5 Pages2011). These stages include prenatal and postnatal events that give rise to human brain functioning. The major prenatal events include neural induction, neurulation, cell proliferation and migration, followed by differentiation, apoptosis, and axonal outgrowth. Myelination and synaptogenesis fall into both categories of prenatal and postnatal (Nelson, 2011). Up until the 1960s, researchers believed that the brain could change only during the infancy to childhood period, and that the brain structureRead MoreCauses And Timing Of Premature Infants1043 Words   |  5 PagesJanuary 1, 2000, and December 31, 2011, their gestational age at birth was 22 0/7 to 28 6/7 weeks, and they were born in a Neonatal Research Network center† (Patel et al., 2015, p. 332). Evaluation of death was actively followed from birth to a postnatal age of 120 days, death, hospital discharge, or transfer to another center. Infants who remained hospitalized for more than 120 days were evaluated for death until 1 year of age (Patel et al., 2015, p. 332). The primary cause of death was identifiedRead MoreDifferences Between Nutrition Supply And Foetus1719 Words   |  7 Pagesautoimmune reaction. This study examines the how foetal early environment causes mental and behavioural health outcomes in adult life and its potential basic components and methodological difficulties. It relates how early environment links to the disease and developmental plasticity effects on prenatal environment. However further studies need to analyse the impact of particular prenatal element and effort to separate the impact of genetic and prenatal environment. Birth weight associates foetal patternsRead MoreHuman Adaptation Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferences between prenatal and postnatal environments, which can lead to diabetes and obesity in adulthood. In this case, the origins are limited to two or three generations as opposed to thousands of years of evolution as in genotypic—there is no change in biology of individuals. Maternal health, particularly under-nourished indicates a nutritionally restricted fetal environment; the fetus adapts to these conditions and increases its abi lity to store fat, preparing it for a postnatal environment similarRead MoreMaternal Depression Case Study1431 Words   |  6 Pagesand 92 five-year-old children and their mothers, Wojcicki et al. (2015) examines the telomere length within these children. Shorter telomere length has been linked to health conditions, such as cancer, diabetes, and obesity in adults, so determining early-life risk factors can improve the health trajectories of many children (Wojcicki et al., 2015). The purpose of the study is to determine the effects that exposure to maternal depression has on telomere length in children as well as the effect telomereRead MoreMothers And Their Newborn Babies Care After Discharge : A Review Of Supporting Maternal Transition : Continuity, Coaching1196 Words   |  5 PagesCoaching, and Control Paulette Dongmo Nanfack Kennesaw State University Overview The postpartum period represents a significant transition in women s lives. This critical period of adjustment is characterized by many physical, emotional, and psychological changes that influence women s experiences, adaptation, health, and wellness. Most stressors in the puerperal period include: the transition to motherhood and associated role change and role stress; and physical stressors such asRead MoreExposure To Social Violence1134 Words   |  5 Pagesweight and fetal distress) were not mediated by mental health status of the pregnant women. However, premature birth was almost completely mediated by depressive affect during pregnancy. The relationship of objective pregnancy outcome measures and early life adversity found in our study strengthens extends previous findings showing that intra-familial ACEs (child abuse and household dysfunction) are associated with premature delivery (11–13) and low-birth weight (10,13). Furthermore, it spread out

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Population Dynamics Of China A New Global Power - 1037 Words

Christopher R. Klaysmat Mark Rouleau Global Issues UN1025 17 Feb 2016 Population Dynamics of China A New Global Power Introduction For the purpose of this essay the two countries that I have chosen to study would be China and the United States. I will be looking at the differences in population growth, migration, urbanization, as well as how globalization caused the population dynamics of these two countries to differ from one another. Population Size According to the population pyramid for 2016 the overall population of the world is roughly 7.4 billion people, of that about 1.4 billion people are currently living in China versus the United States at 3.2 hundred million. To put that into perspective China makes†¦show more content†¦Mechanical and Technological innovation theory, the basis of this theory explores the connection between agriculture and population dynamics from the changing pattern of technology during the ‘‘pre-mechanization’’ and ‘‘post-mechanization’’ periods (4). According to this theory, there is a considerable population growth on farms during the pre-mechanization period in these two countries, was due to a booming agricultural industry (farming industry) that was prompted by technological innovations. This booming farming industry due to farm mechanization increases the demand for labor, which led to a population growth on farms. Du ring the post-mechanization period, mechanization and technological innovations again played a role in shaping population distribution. During this period, however, new technological innovations resulted in less demand for farm labor, which eventually caused farm population to decrease (4). Migration Its staggering now days at the ease at which people are able to move about these days compared to that of 50 years ago. Countries around the world have almost completely opened their doors to migration in the hopes of increasing their own economy. People who are stuck in poverty ridden areas like china look to migration for the key to a successful life, the feel that if the are able to move to a more developed and urbanized area then they too will be able to thrive. In Figure 1. it’s clear to see that

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Love And Marriage In Much Ado About free essay sample

Nothing Essay, Research Paper Even though love and matrimony was a major ideal in Shakespearean England, we can acquire positions from Much Ado about nil, which oppose this thought. From the two chief? twosomes? in this drama we can understand their different positions on committedness throughout and because of this we as readers and viewing audiences can larn about each relationship individually and watch the ideas and thoughts change throughout the drama. From the scene given we can do many premises on the Beatrice and Benedick relationship and how it may hold grown throughout the old Acts of the Apostless and scenes. We can state from this little transition that Beatrice and Benedick have a love/hate relationship which may hold come from past relationship Lashkar-e-Taiba toss off? Beatrice: so my Godhead, he lent it me awhile, and I gave him usage for it, a dual bosom for his individual 1. Marry, one time before he won it off me with false die, hence your grace may good state I have lost it. We will write a custom essay sample on Love And Marriage In Much Ado About or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The two seem to hold the same thoughts on matrimony even though we learn through the drama that this is non true, they both know it is of import to acquire married but have different point of views on the affair, they both appear to desire their individualism. We can see this thought in the transition provided and many other parts of the drama? Beatrice: merely, if he direct me no hubby ; for the which approval I am at him upon my articulatio genuss every forenoon and eventide. Lord, I could non digest a hubby with a face fungus on his face I had instead lie in the woolen? Benedick: the barbarian bull may ; but if the of all time reasonable Benedick bear it, pluck off the bulls horns and put them in my brow ; and allow me be vilely painted, and in such great letters as they write? Here is a good Equus caballus to engage? allow them signify under my name? Here you see Benedick the married adult male? ? Each of the two know deep down that they do love each other and merely when their friends secret plan against them do they stop up declaring their love for each other. Benedick has protested in the past about loving Beatrice and we get this thought from this transition and legion other transitions throughout the drama? Benedick: Love me? Why, it must be requited. I hear how I am censured: they say I will bear myself proudly, if I perceive the love semen from her ; they say to that she would instead decease than give any mark of fondness. Beatrice is besides non happy about experiencing love for Benedick and we get this experiencing in the given transition? Beatrice: Equally strange as the thing I know non. If it were possible for me to state I loved nil so good as you, but believe me non, and yet I lie non. I confess nil nor deny nil. I am sorry for my cousin. This transition besides shows the confusion of Beatrice, she does non take Benedick earnestly and is chiefly believing of Hero during this conversation. The other point of views on matrimony and committedness are from Hero and Claudio throughout the drama. Although we do non hear of them during this transition we cognize their positions from old reading. Jealousy and love are a major portion in Hero and Claudio? s relationship, we can see this in legion parts of the drama and with this thought of sexual intercourse before matrimony we can acquire thoughts on how Elizabethans handled virginity. When Claudio finds that his love has been unfaithful he humiliates and embarrasses her in forepart of all the people go toing their nuptials. We can besides state from this portion and the transition given the function of the adult females in make up ones minding her destiny and whom she marries. Claudio: I would scarce trust myself, though I had sworn the contrary, if Hero would be my married woman From this transition we can see that adult females in the early 1600? s had no authorization and were given off to their hubbies without a say in the state of affairs. We chiefly acquire this thought from the Hero and Claudio relationship, as during the drama we learn nil of Beatrice? s male parent or female parent. From the given transition and throughout the book we as the reader can do many opinions and have many ideas on matrimony and relationships in the 1600? s. From the two chief twosomes we learn of household values and outlooks, we learn of different attitudes to love and we besides learn of relationships between different twosomes and how they may of manage their fondnesss. 35d

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

The Discovery Of Fluorine Essays - Chemistry, Industrial Gases

The discovery of Fluorine title = The discovery of Fluorine The isolation of fluorine had challenged chemist for many years, taking the lives of at least two scientists in the process. Fluorine receives its name from the Latin, fluo, meaning flow. The first real attempt to free fluorine, was done by a chemist by the name of Humphyry Davy, between the years of (1811-1813). He first tried to liberate the element by using the chemical methods, but this failed. He then went on to try and electrolysis process using batteries. The problem with this was that the electrolytes used either produced Hydrogen and Oxygen or fluoric acid in vapor form, making it difficult to study. He then went on to fashion a electrochemical cell from horn silver because the hydrogen fluoride attacked glass. But this also failed , his hydrogen fluoride contained water. Davy gave up. Next Louis-Joseph Gay-Lussac and Louis-Jacques Thenard were able to create a liquid hydrogen fluoride free of water. But it doesn't conducted the electricity needed for electrolysis. Thus ended their weak attempts to create fluorine. In 1834, Faraday (God of Electrolysis), used the electrolysis of lead fluoride in platinum vessels to yield fluoride vapors, HORAA! But no after rigorous examination he too failed. Then along came a student of Faraday, Henri Moissan, he used electrolysis with hydrogen fluoride and Fremy's method , the result ,a yellow gas fluoride. Finally after the loss several scientists lives, not to mention the pain and suffering felt at the hands of chemists while strange chemicals ate through their vital organs. All of this in the name of Science, and there quest to find new elements. That can accomplish many new wonderful things such as the separation of uranium. That we can use in Nuclear power plants to supply 3 percent of the world's power and in nuclear weapons so powerful they can only be used for peace keeping. But Fluorine can also be used for other useful things like in pharmaceuticals, , insecticides, and high energy fuels. Hey these fuels can be used to make dragsters faster or help in NASA's quest.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Eddie Carbone Essays

Eddie Carbone Essays Eddie Carbone Essay Eddie Carbone Essay My second dramatic moment being when Marco first shout Eddie Carbone it almost reaches the climax since that is when everyone knows that somethings going to happen and someone wont come out of it alive. The audience would feel an adrenaline rush they know that this is the final confrontation this what at the dramatic tension has been preparing them for and Marco calling for Eddie confirms this for us. The other characters start to liven up in haste to stop Eddie from going out, their hearts pumping harder and as if they need to do something anything to stop what might happen if Eddie goes out to see Marco. This is dramatic because it puts all the characters on alert and assurance that the inevitable is happening. Both Beatrice and Eddie are crying, Beatrice crying out and weeping and Eddie crying out in agony, then Eddie hears Marco and knows exactly where to go from there. Beatrice tries to stop Eddie while Redolfo tries to stop Marco, Catherine watches on in shock. Everythings happening so quickly the tension becomes unbearable even to feel or notice. Miller makes this moment tense with raised voices, hurrying voices and a negative atmosphere filling the air. Characters interrupting each other trying to stop each opposing party increases the level of noise and stress. Miller brings out the seriousness in Marco indicating it through his speech and exclamation marks demanding Eddie to come out and face him. All this nears us to whats to come and stiffens the mood making the atmosphere gripping. My last dramatic moment out of so many in the play is when Eddie springs out a knife on Marco. This indicates how a death will come about but raises question of who will be the one to suffer its blade? This brings us back to when Marco raised the chair above Eddie showing the power he entitles over Eddie and this would be Eddies answer to that. But its almost hypocritical in a sense that he needs an actual weapon to fight Marco because he isnt as physically strong, it tells us that Eddie has gone against everything he said at the beginning of the play about trust, honour, loyalty especially takes us to remember the story he told us about Vinny Bolzano and how he snitched and how he was treated. Eddie made it clear that Vinny was wrong to go against his family but now Eddie insists what hes done is right and justified. Miller here makes this scene dramatic because he makes us understand that Eddie ways are wrong but his intention is not so, but it fills everyone with resent and sadness because its unfortunate that this is the circumstances that it had to come to and no one could have stopped this for coming. There is no doubt that Miller used multiple dramatic devices to prepare us for these dramatic moments and also to guide us through each tension filled scene. Eddies death is what everyone expected but it was about how he would die with honour or no humility? At the end the audience must have been deeply pulled in and involved an understanding as things calmed into grief and remorse. Eddies death came as appropriate to suit everything that would happen after it, he had to go or the other characters would have no purpose left hereafter. But it showed that Eddies death was useless and these dramatic moment came to show us this at the end. These dramatic tensions throughout the last scenes came to show us something we would already know would happen but its how it all built up that got everyone ready and dreading everything that would happen. Miller used many dramatic devices to help arrange the tension such as raised voices, snappy/fast exchange, interruption, disagreement, actions, body language/facial expression, avoiding conflict/eye contact, pressure mounting up with many others. My response to this play is that the tension gradually built up and stayed and played around until the direct conflicts began between Eddie, Marco and Redolfo with Beatrice and Catherine trying to stop it all. Its tragic at the end but Eddies death was necessary or there wouldnt be a meaning to this play all this tension was rounded of with Eddies death but there was a sweet twist. As Alfieri explained to us that Eddies death was useless and has no meaning he told us that he wasnt bad at heart just his ways were wrong. Eddie couldnt help the way he felt about Catherine its the way he dealt with it that led him to so much trouble but at the end everyone was free even Beatrice even though she loved him, she wouldnt have to live a fake marriage anymore. Its Catherine who would have to live knowing Eddie loved her and he done all this for her. Miller deposits guilty conscious into everyone when Eddie dies, this play had all this conflict and bad energy bouncing around then at the end it rounded off with al the tension and irony lifting off because what was meant to happen, happened.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Cars And Technology Example

Cars And Technology Example Cars And Technology – Article Example Cars and Technology Cars and Technology At some point, the basic car innovations were considered new and advanced. However, advancement in technology allows for the production of cars that are futuristic and technologically savvy. The automotive industry, recently, has been a reflection of all that is high-tech. There has been a rapid shift from the basic commuter products, to ease, luxurious, and comfort-filled products. All these come with the advancement in the technological era (Volti, 2006). This paper will examine some of the innovations that ensure automotive advancements make the car industry a powerful force. The Global Positioning System (GPS) has been part of the automobile industry for quite some time. However, advancement in technology leads to the creation of new GPS. This ranges from the anti-theft GPS, to the tracking system that monitors vehicle movement. New GPS has an automated voice to instruct one of the directions one should take. Another innovation that emanate s from the automotive industry is the sync technology. Partnerships among the major corporations in the technology era and the automobile industry are ensuring individuals enjoy their automobiles (Volti, 2006). An example includes partnership between Ford and Microsoft. This sync technology enables a driver to communicate with someone, text, or listen to music through voice command. This is what is defined as hands-free technology, which encourages a driver to enjoy their vehicles features. This is without running the risk of endangering other road users. Safety cameras are becoming a worldwide phenomenon in this industry. These cameras offer drivers information on oncoming traffic, and pedestrians. In some instances, there is also night vision. Motion detection is also something worth noting about these advancements (Volti, 2006). In conclusion, the advancement in technology allows for many fields to grow and develop. It is vital to note this development in the automotive industry . It has assisted the industry to grow, hence; fostering many partnerships among them. This advancement is only an assurance of what more is to come, and the future in automobiles is now (Volti, 2006). ReferenceVolti, R. (2006). Cars and culture: The life story of a technology. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Human communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human communication - Essay Example Alternatively, from a retailing perspective the need for businesses to be creative in order to adapt to the multi-channel marketplace has become well-recognized (Levy & Weitz, 2008). Indeed, leading industry body for global e-retailing IMRG estimates that currently a quarter of all UK shopping is undertaken online via the internet or other mobile devices within a market estimated at approximately  £80 billion according (www.imrg.org). Signals of this prolific growth have been evident since 2003, which has resulted in a constant drive by retailers to introduce new delivery mechanisms to broaden customer reach (Diamond & Pinter, 2004). As such, this has seen a shifting approach in multi-channel retail strategy from bricks and mortar to multi-level formats including home shopping and mobile commerce (Levy & Weitz, 2008). It is submitted in this paper that the change in consumer behaviour, growth of media outlets and de-regulation of the media industry has created a seismic shift in co rporate strategy, which is underpinned by the media ecology theory. Leading sociologist George Caspar Homans is usually hailed as the central consolidator of social exchange theory works in his piece â€Å"Social Behaviour as Exchange† (1958). In general terms, the social exchange theory posits that social change and stability is a process of negotiated exchanges between parties (Homans, 1958). Moreover, the social exchange theory posits that all human relationships are formed by the use of a subjective cost-benefit analysis and the comparison of alternatives (Gouldner, 1960). Homan gives the example of when a person perceives the cost of a relationship as outweighing the perceived benefits, the theory predicts that the person will depart from the relationship (Homans, 1958). Katherine Miller (2005) is a key opponent of the social exchange theory and argues that it reduces human interaction to purely rational process that arises from

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Civilization Collapse and Environmental History Essay

Civilization Collapse and Environmental History - Essay Example The rebels were suppressed and their leaders executed in 1788. Pierre-Etienne further elaborates that also in the 1780s, in Gansu province, there were two major revolts of the Muslim communities, sparked by adherents of a fundamentalist "new sect" who opposed the local Muslim officials appointed by the Qing. Both Muslim uprisings were suppressed after heavy fighting, as were a series of revolts by Miao tribesmen in southwest China. But the fighting was costly to the Qing, who despite their victories did not eradicate the underlying causes of religious, economic, and ethnic resentments. In 1799, as Qianlong's reign ended, rebels claiming the same White Lotus affiliation that had animated the followers' of Wang Lun were rising up all across central China and were actively fighting Qing troops in many areas of Sichuan, Hubei, Shaanxi, and Henan. Can one link these outbreaks to Specific Manchu policies that alienated the people The evidence is not clear on this, but it is certain that in the late eighteenth century many Qing government institutions began to falter: the emergency granaries were often empty, sections of the Grand Canal silted up, regular banner troops behaved with incompetence or brutality, efforts to stop ecologically dangerous land-reclamation projects were abandoned, the bureaucracy was faction-ridden, and corruption ran deep. It is also possible that Qing reluctance to create new county governments in areas of new settlement or dense population put impossible stresses on officials in the bureaucracy. Moreover, the intense pressure for jobs meant that those who had finally obtained office sought a swift return' for all their waiting and anxiety, pressing local peasants in their jurisdictions for speedy tax payments and for supplementary charges. The White Lotus insurgents of the 1790s, for instance, stated categorically that "the officials have forced the people to rebel." It is also true that in the conduct of the border campaigns, as in the suppression of local rebellions, Qing officials indulged in an unusually high level of graft. This was made possible by collusion between high figures in military and civil government, who often hid the real situation from Emperor Qianlong. And Qianlong, having allowed the secret palace memorial system of his father Yongzheng to become impersonal and routine, now had no reliable, confidential sources from which to learn of his officials' malfeasance. There is no doubt that this pattern of corruption grew worse after 1775, when a young Manchu guards officer named Heshen became entrenched as the elderly emperor's court favorite,although Heshen was not responsible for everything that was going awry. At that time Heshen was twenty-five and the emperor sixty-five, and the following year the favorite received an extraordinary series of promotions: Qian long named Heshen a deputy lieutenant general of the Manchu plain blue banner, a minister of the imperial household, vice-minister of revenue, and a grand councilor. There were no parallels in Qing history for giving so many powerful appointments to a young man, and Qianlong later piled honor on honor. Heshen was made minister of revenue (and, for a time, minister' of civil

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Self-Assessment Essay Example for Free

Self-Assessment Essay This document contains the template you will use to complete this assignment. Save the file by adding your last name to the filename (e.g. Week2_Self_Assessment_Template_Smith.docx). Be sure to proofread and spell check your work before you submit it. A grading rubric is also available at the end of this document. There are FOUR parts to the Self-Assessment. Part 1: Reflect on your results from the self-assessment exercises you’ve done from the textbook, as well as others you might have done in the past, and complete the table below. Review current or past jobs to identify your transferable skills. Develop an inventory of your most marketable career-related skills (minimum 15), instances where you have demonstrated these skills (minimum three), and the core values you want your work to reflect (minimum five). Take into consideration the traits employers are seeking, including technical and transferable skills and general abilities. (30 POINTS) SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISES MY RESULTS I completed the following assessments/inventories as part of my self-assessment activities: 1.Marketing Readiness Quiz 2.Self-Awareness Checklist 3.Ability Assessment 4.Personality Check 5.Transferable Skills Checklist 6.Work Environment and Preferences My most marketable career-related skills are . . . (minimum 15) (Remember to include technical and transferable skills on this list!) 1.Microsoft Word proficiency 2.Social Skills 3.Organization 4.Ability to delegate 5. Microsoft Excel proficiency 6.Ability to lead and motivate peers 7.Responsibility 8.Hard working nature and perseverance 9.Technical abilities 10.Fast ability to learn 11.Ability to handle high stress situation 12.Timeliness 13.Efficiency at completing task at hand 14.Neatness 15.Ability to interact positively with many people Examples of instances where I have demonstrated these skills include . . . (minimum 3) 1.past jobs involving computer skills 2.past jobs involving social interactions 3.past jobs in which I have had leadership responsibilities Core values I want my work to reflect are . . . (minimum 5) 1.Honesty 2.Integrity 3.Reliability 4.Dependability 5.Trustworthiness Part 2: Describe your ideal job. (20 POINTS) MY IDEAL JOB In my ideal job, I would be . . . (state what you see yourself doing as part of your ideal job) In a position in which I hold a leadership position so I could use my skills in a positive way to lead and manage other employees to motivate them to produce the best work possible. I am not particular concerned about the specific industry in which I would be working, as long as I have the ability to use all of my technical skills in a productive way. All in all, my ideal job is one in which I feel productive and making a positive difference on the organization because I want my skills and talents to be put to a productive use. Part 3: Identify your one-, two-, and five-year career goals, create a list of possible employers of choice in your career field (minimum 3), possible job titles for your one-, two-, and five-year goals (one for each goal), and current salary ranges for those job  titles. (30 POINTS) CAREER GOALS Career Goals Potential Employers (minimum 3) Possible Job Titles (minimum 3) Current Salary Ranges (for each job title) My one-year career goal is . . . (state your goal here) 1. Cameron 2. Hewlett-Packard 3. HCL Technologies 1.Network Engineer 2.Network Technician 3.Network Administrator 1.$48-70k 2.$40-55k 3.$42-66k My two-year career goal is . . . (state your goal here) 1. Exelon Corporation 2. Rockwell Automation 3. Marathon Oil 1.Network Analyst 2.Electronics Technician 3.Production Engineer 1.$40-90k 2.$31-53k 3.$48-71k My five-year career goal is . . . (state your goal here) 1.FMC Technologies 2.Emerson 3.G.E 1. Electrical Engineer 2. Senior Engineering Technician 3. Controls Engineer 1.$51-100k 2.$47-83k 3.$76-123k Part 4: Provide a summary of what you have learned about yourself and the characteristics of your dream job as a result of the reflection and research you have done as part of this assignment (minimum 100 words). (20 POINTS) MY LEARNINGS I have learned a great deal about myself and the characteristics of my dream job as a result of the reflection and research that I have done as part of this assignment. I have realized that the most important thing to me is the ability to make difference in whatever field I choose to engage. I used to think that I had an interest in a particular industry, but I have realized that my ability to adapt to new situations would make me a viable employee in numerous fields. Therefore, my dream job is not very specific but can be in a variety fields, as long as I can have a positive impact on my employees and the organization. Grading Rubric: Self-Assessment Component Points Part 1: Award full credit if all sections meet minimum requirements. Deduct up to 20 points depending on how incomplete the responses are. No points awarded if the section is not completed. Deduct up to 5 points for spelling and grammatical errors. 30 Part 2: Award full credit if the ideal job is described sufficiently. Deduct up to 10 points for incomplete responses. No points awarded if the section is not completed. Deduct up to 5 points for spelling and grammatical errors. 20 Part 3: Award full credit if all sections meet minimum requirements. Deduct up to 20 points depending on how incomplete the responses are. No points  awarded if the section is not completed. Deduct up to 5 points for spelling and grammatical errors. 30 Part 4: Award full credit if the student has provided a reflective summary of their learnings. Deduct up to 10 points if the response is incomplete. No points awarded if the section is not completed. Deduct up to 5 points for spelling and grammatical errors. 20

Friday, November 15, 2019

Business Level Strategy In The Market Commerce Essay

Business Level Strategy In The Market Commerce Essay Business level strategy concentrates on developing a firm specific model that will allow the firm to gain competitive advantage over its rivals in the industry such as in which it operates. Business strategy would focus on improving its competitive position of a companys or business units products within the specific industry or market segment that the company and/ or its business units serve. The question explored in business level strategy is: How a company can best be competed in the industry that they are in? For an example Honda motors, Japan has a domestic market for its products and also it operates internationally. Thus business strategy should be crafted focussing on the ways of how it out beat the domestic competitors who operates both in the domestic market and as well as the in the international market like Mazda, Mitsubishi, Daihatsu, Suzuki, Toyota and Nissan and competitors in the international market like General motors, Chrysler, Ford Motors etc. In formulating business level strategies, firm should consider how best it can compete in each of the industries it operates in. Thus business level strategies require crafting the strategy and positioning the firm in each of its business. For an example Honda should formulate a separate business strategy for its motor cycle production section that attempts to add build competitive advantage over rival, motorcycle manufacturers. And there should be another business level strategy for its auto mobile manufacturing division that addresses the ways and means of competing against rival automobile manufacturers and a separate strategy for power products (engines, portable generators, lawnmowers, outbound motors) manufacturing division that attempts to build competitive advantage over power product manufacturers in the industry. Corporate Level Strategy Corporate strategy is to a firms survival and success and it is largely about the choice of the direction for the firm as a whole. I.e. Corporate level strategy describes companys overall direction in terms of its general attitude towards growth and the management of its various business and product lines. Corporate strategy is concerned with two key questions, What business should the company be in to maximize the long term profitability of the organisation? What strategies should it use to enter into and exist from the business area? This is true whether the firm is a small, one product company or a large multi national corporation. Corporate strategy in a multinational company is all about managing various product lines and business units for maximum value. In this instance, corporate head quarters must play the role of the organisational Parent in that it must deal with various products and business unit Children. Even though each product line or business unit has its own competitive or corporative strategy that it uses to obtain its competitive advantage in the market place, the corporation must coordinate these different business strategies in order to be succeeded. For an example Honda Motors, even though there are various competitive or corporative business strategies at various business unit levels, it is the top management that decides the overall direction and goals for the entire organisation. i.e. even though there are several business segments as motor cycle manufacturing, auto mobile manufacturing and power product manufacturing and different competitive or corporative strategies adopted by each of these segments at business level, corporate level strategy for each of these segments all the same. Critically evaluate the process of reconciling dichotomies at Honda Motors with reference to the product-related core competencies versus process -related core capabilities dichotomy. Hondas underlying innovative strategic management process is described as reconciling dichotomies There can be seen number of dichotomies that encompasses management thinking and pass through all the functions and as well as aspects such as buyer supplier relations (e.g. Vertical integration and market relations), work organisation, (efficient and humane), product development processes (simultaneous and sequential development), business strategy (cost and differentiation) etc. These are concerned as paradoxes that should be solved implicitly by the west where as Hondas way of thinking is very different. A dichotomy reconciliation approach exemplifies both the philosophy behind the actual product design and the mental process of technology research. When considering about the product related core competencies in Honda, its adherence to the principle of build in quality has brings forth the competitive advantage to Honda. The build-in quality principle focuses on ensuring the effectiveness of the performance outcome of sub transformation activities. The measure of effectiveness is customer defined standards of performance that can be achieved by breaking down the total standard of performance measures as expected by the customers to number of sub activities where value adding can be realized at every stage of the process in a way that it gives a bigger accrued value by the time of operations process reaches its end. This leads to a reduction in costs and as well as exceed expectations of the customers. In that sense build in quality principle highly emphasis regarding product related capabilities which are measured by the customers eventually. The advance internal combustion engines which power the entire range of Honda products is being regarded as a core competency, which is also a successful reconciliation of dichotomies, deliver direct and immediate competitive advantage for Honda. The right-the-first principle constitute that the result of any process should be free of errors. An error occurred in a particular task necessitate re-working on it before it passed on to next stage of the production process, which may resulted in delaying the entire production process and as well as increasing the operational costs, costs of lost opportunities of sales earned from customers who prefer not to wait and switch to other brands. As such right- the- first principle adopted by Honda, will enhance its operational efficiency by not wasting time and other resources by increasing productivity. More over its introduction of Just In Time production and logistic system leads to more accurate inventory control that save cost further. It can be pointed out as a dichotomy reconciliation that permits both product variety and productive efficiency. Western flawed assumption of management thinking was that the right-first time and the build-in quality is only a dichotomy that takes places only if a substitution of getting the benefits from one at the disbursement of the other is assumed as it is viewed only from a manufacturers perspective, which has to be at least concentrated from a dual perspective, the manufacturer and the customer. If it should be considered from a multiple perspective, taking all partners in the supply chain in to account. Doing things right the first time is a cost savings approach as it helps to eliminate waste and reduce the necessity of reworking. Lower operating costs can transform into higher margins, which will be helpful in attracting customers by offering them the products at a reasonable price and it too will avoid customers from switching to rival brands. Customers not judged a product by concerning only on its quality, but its entire combination that brings forth the benefits and there fore value to them. Thus the features and attributes like delivery time and cost of purchase and ownership are too considered up on. Quality is there fore both process and product dependent. For an example the value of high product quality because of its superior features, characteristics and attributes can be ignored by slow delivery times if things are not done right the first time. Through its wide array of management strategies Honda has shown that the notice of right- first time and build- in quality is not different in nature and does not exist in isolation but are rather similar and complementary processes if the pull strategy is adopted placing customers ahead of else. Question Two: Global Mergers and Acquisitions (MA) Too much Debt and Risk of Bankruptcy Mergers and acquisitions have been the focus of corporate strategies over the last few decades, with an increasing number of mergers across the globe, especially in the automobile industry. A merger or acquisition is a combination of two companies where one corporation is completely absorbed by another corporation. The less important company loses its identity and becomes part of the more important corporation, which retains its identity. Mergers and acquisitions can occur for number of reasons. One such is to overcome too much debt or to avoid bankruptcy situations. Supplier bankruptcies make up the first wave of restructuring and the rate of bankruptcy fillings will continue to accelerate in the near term. As credit becomes more widely available and companies are able to safe and sound liquidity, there will be a wave of Mergers and acquisitions. If a particular company is undergoing enormous debts and finds it difficult to beat competition or even to survive in the industry, management may make a decision to go for a divesture. As a result company may sell out to another corporation or may go for a merger. If a company is suffering from a bankruptcy situation, perhaps it may come to a decision to move for a sell out strategy. Financially viable competitors in the same industry may interested in merging with or acquiring another corporation in the same industry even with huge debts or under a bankruptcy state if there is any potential advantage of merging or acquiring is witnessed. Some times it may be because of the companys ability to produce goods efficiently if they combined their efforts and facilities. These efficiency gains may come simply by virtue of the size of the combined company; it may be cheaper to produce goods on a large scale. Collaborating or sharing expertise may achieve gains in efficiency, or a company might have underutilize assets that the other company can better use or else because of the technology or the brand image or any other unique attribute available to the bankrupt company. Through such merger or an acquisition, the company which suffered from financial difficulties will lessen its burden as it has the ability to overcome its debts as the change in the management may make the company more profitable Potential Product Synergies Automotive mergers and acquisitions act as means of increasing market share, improving reach attaining economies of scale and augmenting product ranges. Automotive mergers are turning into a strategic option for companies looking to accelerate growth. Through mergers or acquisitions companies intended to maximize synergies through their complementary strengths in product line-up, procurement, RD, marketing and personal training which would result in cost reductions, greater global market penetration and other benefits through corporation. As a result of a merger or an acquisition a corporation would get the access to up to the minute technology, a worldwide network and advanced managerial expertise. In addition substantial cost savings have been achieved through a common purchasing strategy and by setting up a common supplier base. Common platforms will be developed to reduce time for new product introduction. Achieving of synergies is the ideal sought in corporate mergers and acquisitions. Synergy refers to an increase in the level of performance of a combined enterprise that will exceed the previous individual performance when it was operated separately. For an example managerial economies such as the increased opportunity of managerial specialisation, technical economies such as technical know how, purchasing economies due to increased order size and associated bulk buying discounts. In automobile industry there are several synergies that can be achieved through mergers and acquisitions. For an example in 1990 Honda entered in to an agreement with Rover under which Honda acquired minority shareholding in Rover in order to begin European production of Honda Accord. And also once Honda rewind its formal relationships had with Rover, BMW acquired Rover Company from its parent company with the expectation of expanding its capacity from 600,000 to 800,000 by 1999 with 150,000 of these vehicles exported. Access to New Technologies and Emerging Markets Mergers and acquisitions bring forth several technology and platform sharing agreements, enabling companies to reduce product development time and costs. Further it will be helpful in stepping in to new markets Through mergers and acquisitions corporations will be able to obtain technology economies. I.e. Mergers and acquisitions will result in enhancing the level of technology sharing and utilisation than earlier. As such in automobile industry there can be seen major acquisitions or mergers. For an example in 1979 Honda Motor company signed technical collaboration with British Leyland (Now Rover Group), covering British Leyland production of Triumph Acclaim cars in the United Kingdom. It was a step taken to enter in to the European market and also to obtain the technology of Rover Group. As mentioned earlier, mergers and acquisitions can be seen as a way of entering into strange, emerging markets. Some countries in the emerging markets such as India, China, and Thailand are growing at a spectacular rate. Thus this amazing growth rates are attracting global automotive majors to these markets in increasing numbers. Companies are resorting to acquisitions or mergers to gain foothold in these markets due to certain cultural reasons or to accommodate differences in two cultures. Question Three: Corporate Social responsibilities Competitiveness Using information from relevant literature on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and appropriate examples from global automotive makers and suppliers; explain the impact of CSR on organisational performance in both financial and non-financial areas Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has permeated management practice and theory up to a point where CSR can be referred to as the latest management fad (Guthey, Langer Morsing, 2006). However, so far CSR integration in to business processes has been very uneven. (Hockerts, 2008) CSR is also known as Corporate Citizenship, Responsible Business, Sustainable Responsible Business (SRB), or Corporate Social Performance. The concept of social responsibility proposes that a private corporation has responsibilities to society and also to the environment that extended beyond making a profit. It is a form of corporate self regulation integrated in to a business model that functions as a built-in, self-regulating mechanism whereby business would monitor and ensure its support to law, ethical standards, and international norms. Further more, CSR focused business would proactively uphold the public interest by heartening community growth and development, and voluntarily eliminating practices that harm the public sphere, regardless of legality. Essentially, CSR is the deliberate inclusion of public interest in to corporate decision making and the honouring of a triple bottom line; People, Planet, Profit. Where as People and Planet in the triple bottom line concept represents the non financial aspects that a firm should concentrates on when carrying out its business in addition to the financial aspect of making profits. The automobile industry at present faces challenges that extend beyond the framework of automotive technology, such as the prevention of global warming by committing to zero emissions as part of a concentrated effort toward issues concerning the global environment, eradication of wasted resources and environmental degradation through mass production, sales and disposal and the realization of fail safe transportation system. It is necessary for an organization, specially an automobile maker to be focused on preventing environmental destruction and damage when establishing its plants and as well as carrying out its manufacturing activities. A new evolution is required, where lean production can be implemented beyond the sphere of technological innovation to contribute to reforming distribution, logistics, recycling and as well as social systems. As such consumers expect automotive corporations to take an active role in the economic and social development of their country. Consumers across the world are very likely to accept or reject a corporation based on its reputation for social and environmental responsibility. CSR surveys indicate that consumers are more likely to purchase a product or a service from a corporation with responsible business practices and they would refrain from purchasing a product or service if the corporation failed to follow environmentally friendly or ethical business practices. Among the global automotive corporations BMW, Honda, Toyota and Volvo trucks ranked highest for corporate social responsibility. BMW rated highest in the Spain and as well as in Italy; Honda for United States, United Kingdom and Indonesia, Toyota for Japan, Korea and Thailand and Volvo trucks for Sweden and Netherlands. Remy Pothet, Global Director TNS Automotive, comments that Large corporations are increasingly aware that their social responsibility directly affects their image and brand equity and consequently, their business success. As such heavy investments in CSR can be seen in the markets where they are focusing on expansion. The result of our study highlights the publics growing interest in the field of CSR, and makes a direct link between this and their purchasing behaviour. Bonsi concludes, The general public is a very important stake holder for the automotive industry as a corporations reputation is often judged in the court of public opinion. Corporations that fail to engage society often suffer serious consequences when there is a crisis. However corporations that develop a strong public goodwill can use it as a social insurance to tide them over during difficult periods. The CSR champions identified by this study are already seeing the value in their investment; now other companies need to take notice. b) Compare and Contrast Japanese and Western strategic leadership models by reference to table 5 in the Honda case study. Explain which of the two models you prefer, and why? According to the management literature, there is a grand distinction between the western management style and Japanese management style in terms of overall description work processes, production organisation and logistic management techniques, organisation and labour relations etc. When concerning about the overall description western management model, Ford system of mass production which leads to standardisation and mass marketing is the fundamental paradigm for production systems in western countries that pays high attention on large lot , just in case production. Where as Japanese developed a different production system called Japanese production system or Just In Time (JIT), which is a flexible manufacturing system. A further development of this is also known as lean manufacturing. They adhered to the Pull strategy of marketing their products as oppose to the Push strategy of marketing adopted by the western countries. The significance of the Japanese manufacturing is it identified the ill effects of mass production with high volume of manufacturing that focuses sole attention towards economy of scale rather than cost reduction through elimination of wasted resources through streamlined production. JIT production and synchronized manufacturing that manufactured what, when, and how much was necessary and eliminated wasteful processes and stock. This was resulted in ending up of cycle of stockpiles and dissolved the rigidity of production where only existing products continued to be manufactured with existing technology. When concentrating the peculiarities between western and Japanese work processes, most of the western work processes were builds upon taylorism theory which emphasis the necessity of breaking down of every action, job or task in to small and simple segments that can be easily analyzed and taught. Accordingly western employees are deemed to be Do workers and most of them are unskilled thus they are expected to be performed in a way they thought, and merely the jobs or tasks assigned to them. But Japanese employees are deemed to be Think workers where they are expected to be innovative, polyvalent and flexible rather than merely executing an assigned job or a task. As such Japanese management model is more appropriate and suitable to todays complex business context due to above mentioned grounds. Conclusion First and fore mostly the report discussed about the business level strategy and the corporate level strategy in the global business context. It was compared and contrasted the business level strategies and the corporate strategies in the global automobile industry. Then it evaluated the process of reconciling dichotomies at Honda Motors with reference to the product-related core competencies versus process -related core capabilities dichotomy. Secondly it evaluated critically the impact of certain factors such as too much debt and risk of bankruptcy, potential product synergies, access to new technologies and emerging markets on Mergers and Acquisitions (MA) in the global automobile industry, using appropriate illustrations from the global automotive industry. In current business context Corporate Social Responsibility bears an important place. As such latter part of this report focuses on the corporate social responsibility and the competitiveness, using information from relevant literature on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and appropriate examples from global automotive makers and suppliers. Further it discussed the impact of CSR on organisational performance in both financial and non-financial areas. Finally it was compared and contrasted the Japanese and Western strategic leadership models and suggested the Japanese strategic leadership model as the most appropriate model owing to the unique features and strengths identified in it with compared to Western strategic leadership model.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

The Social and Economic Benefits of an Immigration Reform

Race and Ethnicity in the United States Dr. Carl Paris John Jay College of Criminal Justice Immigration reform has been a cornerstone on the last three presidential campaigns, on Bush's second term and on both of Obama's. It has the power to turn around an election because it would automatically grant the Hispanic vote to the candidate that commits to the best plan.At this moment, an immigration reform would bring great improvement in the economic status of the United States bringing a bigger workforce nd an increase in population that would mean bigger revenue for the government. Along with the economical capacity that approving an immigration reform, it also brings a wave a culture that would enrich the basis of the foundation of the United States, diversity. An immigration reform can open the doors for many professionals that could refresh the ideas of the United States and provide with a different perspective of the solutions out there for the problem we face.An immigrant is defi ned as a person who leaves his home nation and goes to a foreign one, usually ermanently, in search for an improvement. There are a lot of push and pull factors that encourage someone to leave their homeland. Economic difficulties, religious or ethnic persecution and political unrest are some factors that push immigrants from their nations, for example, some immigrants from Syria can flee their country in fear of a civil war pushing them to another country.The perceptions of a better life ahead or a desire to Join their family abroad are factors that pull immigrants to other nations, for example, a Mexican immigrant that leaves her country to reunite with her usband in the united states now that he has established himself better . The economic status in the United States is a shaky one at this moment. The government has had to force itself into shutdowns because they cannot come to an agreement on how to invest tax money more efficiently.This in turn affects the vast population of t he country, which is composed of the middle and lower classes. Budget cuts have been made that affect public assistance programs, schools and national agencies and security. The unemployment rate continues to be above 7% without any signs of going below that and it ncreases to 1 % tor people between the ages ot 1 There are over 40 million immigrants according to the Census in 2010, plus an estimate of 12 million undocumented immigrants that reside in the United States without proper documents.Each fall down on one of these three categories: naturalized citizens, foreign-born people who went through a congress mandated process to become a citizen of the united states; travel/working visa holders, foreign- born who undergo a process predetermined by their nations to be able to travel outside of their country; an undocumented immigrant; people who gain access not hrough the proper measures of the law, like crossing the border without papers or overstaying their visas, and are, therefor e, breaking it. All of the people above have one goal in mind and is to provide a better life for themselves and the people they care about.This aspect of life, immigration, has been the cornerstone for many civilizations in the past and it still remains as such. Such a high rate of immigration has been due to the great chain immigration. The first people who immigrate pave the roads for those who follow, usually family members. They in turn tell the next group who come and so on. The current immigrant population is composed of Latinos from South America and the Caribbean and Asia along with traces of Europe and the Middle East. Illegal immigration poses a problem to United States and its people.Millions of illegal immigrants are â€Å"taking† the Jobs where an American could have thrived and are getting paid less for it and therefore are desirable to business owners. Also, being that these immigrants are undocumented they are evading tax collection, which hinders the country . Something must be done to prevent this. There is a list of measures being taken right now. Most are highly inefficient and costly; hey may even be on of the reason why our economy is dwindling. One of them is that federal officials trying to track the nearly 12 million undocumented immigrants and the approximately 5 millions who overstayed their visas.This in turn is an impossible task with a highly expensive bill; expensive is not favored by the major public. The search and deportation could cost over a whopping $200 billion, not included the man power of law enforcement that would be used for such a task force diverting them from more important duties. A study by the Bipartisan Policy Center that an immigration reform could carry a 4. percent increase in the United States' economy and reduce the countrys deficit by $1. 2 trillion in a period of 20 years . Opening the doors for immigrants could help the United States attract individuals with proper skills.These incoming people, h ard-working as they are, would not be taking Jobs from the non-immigrant American as common speculation suggest. Instead, they would man the positions that no one else wants like cleaning toilets in a hotel or picking fruits in the agricultural field. Immigrants do not compete against the native-born American for Jobs instead they complement each other because mmigrants take the low-paying Jobs that American would reject or not apply to. An increase in population would mean a larger contribution to government revenue, which can be used to fund programs for better education and protect our nation more efficiently.An increase in government revenue can also alleviate the tax percentage that an individual pays back to the IRS. Immigrants that come from with enough resources can establish small businesses and create Jobs. By the increase of diversity, there will be an increase in consumer market. The bigger the population means the higher the demand. Higher demands mean higher production ot itterent goods and services allowing the way for businesses, big and small, to grow and thrive. Immigration is one of the aspects that have greatly shaped the United States for over 400 years.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Strip Malls: Causes of Failure and Success

DNSI 375 DESIGN THEORY AND RESEARCH Introduction and Literature Review You have a great start on the literature review. I would spend a little bit more time on the introduction and conclusion. The introduction should be more persuasive and can be referenced (see my comments below). 17/20 Strip Malls: Causes of Failure and Success Introduction With the economic downturn, businesses are suffering greatly and closing rapidly; because of this it is important to figure out ways to reduce these closings and help companies prosper. One business type that has seen drastic closings is the strip mall.While research suggests that location, facade design, greenery, anchor stores, store offerings and other attractions pull in much more foot traffic than malls who are missing these features (source), strip mall abandonment is still a huge problem in the United States. We have to wonder why so much new strip mall construction is occurring without the implementation of these features, or if they are why are they still failing? The purpose of this research study is to determine how facade design, location, and store offerings in strip malls affect customer shopping behaviors.This study is important to determine how society as a whole can become more sustainable by keeping new construction down and reviving failed strip malls and making them a success. Literature Review Location and Attraction to Strip Malls **(Anchor store information can be added here as an attraction) When it comes to strip malls, location is a key factor in determining where someone chooses to shop, and often distance alone is not enough to determine the success of a strip mall. Though location plays a key role in terms of proximity to its customers, e. . , nearness to main roads, travel time, and population congestion, customer psychology plays a key role in determining whether the trip is â€Å"worth it† (Rajagpal, 2009). The distance a customer is willing to travel is determined by several factors of the shopping experience: customer loyalty, ergonomics, expected/post-buying satisfaction, and multichannel retail strategies (Rajagpal 2009). Customer loyalty is built primarily through a store’s overall business model, and is expressed in strip malls by those individual stores upholding those values.If a customer finds the goods and services provided to be what they expected, they will continue to shop at that store with distance and location being a minimal factor. The ergonomics of a store refers to one’s ability to move around; a store with pleasing ergonomics will enhance the customer’s experience and encourage them to return. Expected/post-buying satisfaction refers to the discrepancies between a person’s perceived experience when shopping before they go into the store and the actual experience as they leave.Expected satisfaction can be a strong motivator for someone to visit a certain strip: if they’ve heard the way their friends ranted a nd raved about the experience, they will be more likely to visit, but if their post-buying satisfaction is not what is expected, they may not return. A multichannel retail strategy is the way that a store, or strip mall, chooses to route a customer to make the most of their spending habits. In individual stores this may mean strategically placing â€Å"impulse buys† along a customer’s path of travel (Rajagpal 2009).When applied to the strip, it refers to the way the architect has chosen to route the shopper through the center. Of the four factors listed, this is easily the biggest design factor determining the distance customers are willing to travel because it affects the overall experience that the customer will have. For example, a strip in a square or â€Å"L† shape encourages people to walk along the length of the strip, backtracking to stores they saw before, where a simple line offers fewer options and ends abruptly.Customers are naturally attracted to st rips that they have easy access to, but their social environments determine the ease of access. The early development of strip malls came about in the 19th century with the idea of a main street as a shopping destination; along main street shops were placed within walking distance of each other. However, this model has not changed or adapted very well over time and while this design is poor in suburban strip malls, where the linear progression takes you in a single direction rather than encouraging a casual hopper to explore, it is detrimental in urban areas where the original strips existed. For example, the Los Angeles urban strips are close to and have easy access to a potential shopping base, but the social environment discourages shopping. As the city expanded, the area around these strips became home to low-income housing, and the public areas were quickly taken over. The population of the area that was surveyed showed a strong desire to use the space, but noted such hazards a s gang activity and a distinct lack of comfort for pedestrians (Loukaiton-Staris, 1997).Largely the people in Loukaiton-Staris’s study wanted a place that was pedestrian friendly, incorporating things such as seating and greenery, in addition to larger walkways and space for foot traffic. Pedestrian-friendly strips serve as a major attraction to customers, and the design of these heavily influence consumers in their shopping choice. Referring to a strip as â€Å"pedestrian-friendly† typically referes to (Loukaiton-Staris, 1997): * Allowances for adequate foot traffic * Allowances for seating Greenery and other visual attractions Strips that incorporate these things, particularly greenery are given a better chance of financial survival with the attraction of more customers and businesses; strips with greater greenery were able to charge higher rent, and shoppers indicated that they would be willing to pay more at these more attractive strip malls (Wolf, 2009). From the customer’s standpoint, greenery poses more interest in a pedestrian area rather than a strip mall dominated by the parking lot due to wayfinding (Wolf, 2009).A shopper who’s allowed to take their time and wander through a strip is allowed a certain amount of interaction with their surroundings whereas a strip without this aspect can find itself hindered by greenery obscuring the signs. In addition, the amount of greenery affects the amount of time a person is willing to spend in a strip mall, as is indicated on the chart below taken from â€Å"Strip Malls, City Trees, and Community Values,† where people were shown pictures and asked to predict their behavior based on the strip malls shown. Location is and store choice is a complex marketing decision; however, the istance a customer is willing to travel to the strip is influences in no small part by its design. This is a factor of ergonomics, multichannel research strategies, pedestrian-friendly travel and greene ry. All of these contribute to the attractiveness of the strip mall and so its success. **(Discuss greenery research to follow into – Exterior Facade)** Exterior Facade The exterior facade of a store is another very important aspect of a strip mall’s attractiveness and is important to consider when determining what influences consumer’s behaviors.The facade of a store is the first thing a customer see’s and generates the first impression of the store (Yuksel, 2009). First impressions are as important to the experience as the store’s reputation to the success or failure of a store. A survey conducted by Retail Consumer Experience reveal some of the views that consumers have on building facades. In the survey it was found that 96% of people consider the businesses appearance somewhat or extremely important (Retail Consumer Experience, 2011).In addition, it was also found that 52% of people decided not to enter a store because it looked dirty from the outside and 11% because it looked outdated or old from the outside (Retail Consumer Experience, 2011). It is also found that color of the facade can determine the consumer’s experience. When examining if colors have an effect on behaviors it was found that even though the crowd level was the same, customers perceived that the blue exterior building had less crowding than the orange exterior building (Yuksel, 2009).While the colors of individual facades is often a matter of the store’s personal brand, the color of the building could potentially have an effect on consumer behavior. Although some research has been done on facade design we need to get a better understanding of how much it affects the consumers experience and what about the exterior facade is pleasing or unpleasing. Community Engagement *(It might be nice to go into detail about what went wrong with the public housing incident to help show exactly why lack of community engagement is an issue)Instead of add ing density to existing environments, contemporary cities have a decentralized pattern of growth (Rowe, 1991). Most new growth occurs in the next layer of undeveloped land outside of the existing suburbs. Because of this continuous development, there are more and more paved areas like highways and parking lots and less and less untouched countryside. Suburban sprawl leads to all kinds of unintended environmental consequences, mostly related to the lack of â€Å"walkability†. Life in sprawl developments demands up to three times as much driving as in high-density urban areas (Surface, 2000).This means that there is more air pollution in sprawl areas. Pollutants in the air, including nitrates and sulphates emitted from road traffic, construction, and industry, is linked to health problems such as stroke, cognitive decline, and heart attack (Devi, 2012). Road runoff of automobile oils and battery metals and road salt contribute to water pollution and may affect public health (Su rface, 2000). Shopping centers in suburban areas are not as conducive to pedestrians as they are to automobiles, which means that for pedestrians there is little sense of safety when walking to and from different stores.In addition, when stores go out of business and buildings are abandoned, they become a hotspot for squatters and vandals, bringing crime into the community. A study conducted by John Dimitriou (2001), states that the quality of place in American suburbs inhibits peoples’ ability to have a sense of ownership and connection to the place they live because the physical design of the environment has â€Å"repellant and disengaging characteristics† (Dimitriou, 2001, p. 7). The â€Å"confused organization and ugliness† of the built environment pushes people away and makes them feel like outsiders in their own towns (Dimitriou, 2001, p. 6). This results in a sense of isolation and lack of community engagement. Suburban settlement is driven by a popular d esire to live on the countryside to satisfy a person’s affinity for natural open spaces, fresh air, and lower populations. But people also want to have access to the culture and opportunity provided by a city. The suburban ideal is to have the best of both worlds by unifying town and country (Dimitriou, 2001, p. 10). However, as more and more people move to the suburbs, the country-living characteristics fade and the area becomes more like a city in terms of services and social problems.This leads to a continuous outward spread of housing developments in search of natural open spaces. The housing developments are followed by shopping centers dispersed throughout the area. These shopping centers are characterized by sprawling parking lots and bland, repetitive architecture. The utilitarian design of strip malls does not encourage people in the community to cultivate a sense of connection or engagement with the shopping center. The dispersed locations of the buildings are disor ienting, and foster a dependence on automobiles. Why would anyone want to feel connected to something confusing and ugly?Good design can enhance a person’s sense of belonging to a community by creating a place that they are proud to be associated with. Dimitriou suggests that if new development is focused on existing suburban centers we can improve the quality of place and reduce dependence on private automobiles. This study focuses on densification of suburban commercial centers. Dimitriou proposes broad planning solutions so that whole communities served by a particular strip center could potentially be unified through their attachment to a place. A great way to foster attachment to a place is by enhancing its sense of history.This can be accomplished by adding to the existing built environment, rather than demolishing structures, to preserve remnants of old buildings that give clues to the former life of a place (Dimitriou, 2001, p. 27). He also proposes to reorganize stri p malls to include more pedestrian friendly elements and public spaces. For example, he suggests forming continuities and connections between specific places to give the area more unity and accessibility and establishing focal points in the form of public spaces or specific buildings to organize navigation (Dimitriou, 2001, p. 27). (Along with attractions: I found a study on how actual attractions, movie theaters, restaurants, roller coasters, etc. Also bring in more foot traffic helping out store sales) LET’S TALK ABOUT PARKING. The most common argument in opposition to a more â€Å"downtown – like† pedestrian friendly atmosphere is the relative lack of parking. Parking lots are also what make strip malls so unengaging and ugly. People complain about parking a couple of blocks away from a downtown store but will walk across a huge parking lot (not to mention the size of the mall) to get to their desired destination in the mall.Conclusion Our research will focus on four specific areas related to strip mall design: facade design, greenery, pedestrian-friendliness, and entertainment attractions such as movie theaters, restaurants, and public gathering spaces. We will look at how each of these factors affects the success of strip malls. Our goal is to come up with design solutions that will help existing strip malls attract and retain customers. These solutions will aim at improving upon the existing built environment instead of demolishing structures and building new ones.This â€Å"suburban renewal† concept is more environmentally friendly and will hopefully engender a sense of history, community and pride in suburban shopping centers. **We also need to add pictures and/or graphs from previous studies REFERENCES Rowe, P. (1991). Making a middle landscape. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. Surface Transportation Policy Project (2000). Mean streets 2000: Pedestrian, health, and federal transportation spending. Washington, DC: Au thor. Devi, S. (2012). New studies cast dark cloud over air pollution. The Lancet 379. 9817 697. : The Lancet. Web. 29 Feb. 2012. . Dimitriou, George John. Suburban Revisions: Redesigning Suburban Strip Malls. 2001. Print. Roajagopal. (2011). Determinants of shopping behavior of urban consumers. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 23 (2), 83-104. Loukaitou-Sidiris, A. (1997). Inner-City commercial strips: Evolutioin, decay: retrofit? Town Planning Review, 68 (1), 1-29. Wolf, K. (2009). Strip malls, city trees, and community values. Aboriculture and Urban Forestry, 35 (1): 33-40. Irwin, Elana. â€Å"Study Shows Urban Sprawl Continues To Gobble Up Land. OSU Research News Index Page. Ohio State University, 17 Dec. 2007. Web. 12 Apr. 2012. . * * Alternate Introduction * Suburban sprawl has long since taken over much of America’s scenic countryside and continues to spread further and further from center cities. More people have jobs in suburban areas, or are telecommutin g, and no longer have the need or desire to live close to the major cities (Irwin, 2007). People are also being drawn further away from cities by natural amenities in rural areas such as lakes, oceans, forests or mountains (Irwin, 2007).This desire to be closer to nature, however, does not supersede the desire to have easy access to man-made amenities such as restaurants, movie theaters, and shopping centers. The commercial sprawl that follows the residential sprawl often comes in the form of blandly designed strip malls with massive desert-like parking lots. Aside from the store selection, there is nothing to attract customers and encourage them to spend more time in the shopping center. When stores go out of business or move to a more attractive location, the strip malls often remain vacant and become not only eyesores but burdens on the community.Although strip mall abandonment is a known problem in the United States, more strip malls are being constructed all the time and the cy cle continues repeating itself. This study seeks to discover how suburban society can become more sustainable by keeping new construction down and reviving failed strip malls and making them a success. Research suggests that location, facade design, greenery, anchor stores, store offerings and other attractions are all factors that draw in customers. The purpose of this research study is to determine how these factors affect customer shopping behavior. *

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

history outlook

history outlook Victoria Tuttle10/30/14"Pleasures of Factory Life"In Sarah Bagley's, "Pleasures of Factory Life", she introduces the little space in which working women have to live and enjoy life. Yet, such little space she describes allows them to appreciate, focus and learn more than some people living outside of the factory. Women are the dominating gender working in the factory, but work with elderly women and men, as well as young orphans to prepare them for work they will eventually have to partake in. Most of the daily routine consists of working with the machinery, but this gives them time to communicate and broaden their understanding of life, and one another. The vast plant life around the building gives them the ability to enjoy the smells and reflect on the small blessings in life. Although the deposition in this environment is the inability to ever relax, sometimes think straight, and the "under moral" obligations held by the workers overseers, the peacefulness and privileges that are associated with lectures, religion, and common talk between women seem to be what makes the factory somewhat pleasurable."Loom and Spindle"In Harriet Robinson's, "Loom and Spindle; or Life Among the early Mill Girls", she reflects on a wage cut that sparked a largely supported strike that women partook in. At the time, 1898, factories had already been steadily populated and working for a while, allowing the initial well-paying wage to be cut. The cotton-factory was made up of all women workers, and they worked within separate rooms making up many levels of this factory. After the speech given by one of the girls, it fueled the women to continue on with defending through strike their right to keep the current wage. They sang a song comparing themselves to slaves, due to the hard...

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Research Paper Example In this passage, Job seems to suggest that Gods severity on human beings is unjustified. He asserts over and over again that he is innocent and free of sin and challenge’s God’s decision to make him suffer. He questions God and even accuses him of torturing him, irrespective of whether he is virtuous or evil: â€Å"Thou renewest thy witnesses against me, and increasest thine indignation upon me; changes and war are against me† (King James Bible. Job. 8.17). This passage works both integrally in the Old Testament narrative of The Book of Job; as well as a standalone piece. This is because it falls within the dialogue between Job and his friends and is still a complete speech in itself. This particular passage is a distinct part of Job’s reply to Bildad, beginning from Chapter 9, where continues to assert his own innocence against the severity of God. Bildad had previously been appalled at Job’s suggestions and claimed that God does not reject a blameless man: â€Å"Behold, God will not cast away a perfect man, neither will he help the evil doers† (Job. 8.20). This is followed directly with Zophar the Naamathite’s speech, beginning from Chapter 11, which scolds and criticizes Job for attempting to understand God’s mysterious ways of working: â€Å"Canst thou by searching find out God? Canst thou find out the Almighty unto perfection?  It is as high as heaven; what canst thou do? Deeper than hell; what canst thou know?† (Job. 11.7-8). But the shift between speakers is not the only reason behind the autonomy of this passage. Chapter 8 is marked by a change in tone also. Job’s arguments get more fervent and demanding. He accuses God of unjustly punishing him, ignoring his friends and their cautious admonitions. Job goes as far as to wish death upon himself, asserting time and again that he would rather be dead than undergo such suffering. Structurally, The Book of Job has a â€Å"poetic core surrounded by a prose

Friday, November 1, 2019

Teaching Listening Skill In Public High Schools In The Kingdom of Essay

Teaching Listening Skill In Public High Schools In The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - Essay Example This essay declares that listening comprehension is a process in which listeners take part in the role of discriminating between sounds, understanding grammatical structures and vocabulary, interpreting stress and intonation, and consequently interpreting the utterance within the context. It is not easy to master listening skill and for this reason most second language learners feel frustrated about it. This report makes a conclusion that all humans are born with an innate ability to hear, though, hearing is not listening. A number of factors must be considered to help second language students develop effective listening skill. Models of the listening process which include the bottom up, interactive and top down are basic in teaching listening skills. Children gain the entire list of phonemes for the first language so easily early in the language acquisition process. This is, however, not the case with adults intending to learn a second language; it is usually very problematic. When one is past puberty, the brain has already programmed all first language phonemes that it intends to recognize into fixed categories. Creating another set for the phonemes of second language is difficult. Second language speakers tend to assimilate the second language phonemes into their established first language system. It is for this reason that speakers find it challenging to distinguish between thei r native language and the second language.

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

(poverty)socio-political factors influencing the mental health of an Essay

(poverty)socio-political factors influencing the mental health of an individual - Essay Example Poverty has a significant influence on physical and mental health. This paper presents a critique of the impact of poverty on the mental health of an individual. Poverty is strongly associated with social inequalities in the society. According to Nettleton (2006), unequal distribution of income leads to the emergence of a gap between different income groups yet such groups require the same basic needs. The underprivileged group suffers psychosocial anxiety that contributes to weakening health and death in case of prolonged stress. Poor social and physical infrastructures result in poor community health and mortality especially among the lowest social economic groups in such communities. In spite of stress, poor communities suffer frustration and unstable families and often exhibit tendencies towards domestic violence, criminal activities such as theft, murder and rape. These antisocial behaviors are also experienced in higher income groups but at a lower rate (Dalton et al. 2007). In one of my clinical placements I met a client named John who’s came from a poor neighborhood. He was worried about insecurity and was stressed after his d aughter was sexually assaulted by three young men. Hearden (2008) argues that the poor are exposed to hazardous environments and even when in employment are engaged in stressful, unfulfilling and depersonalizing activities. For example, John worked as a casual laborer in a skin tanning firm which was the only alternative available after his shop run out of stock as a result of rising cost of living that made him use part of the goods to feed his family of six. Such people often have no access to the essentials and services of life and are also subjugated by the main stream social class that is better informed regarding mental health. The poor are among the minority groups whose mental health is at risk due to the tendency to

Monday, October 28, 2019

Organized System Essay Example for Free

Organized System Essay In today’s society, business of every sort is done on computers, almost to the extent that the former definition of files and folders being physical items is nearly obsolete. Attending an institute of higher learning also means that much of assignments be downloaded from an online site and homework be completed on a computer and uploaded to a central location. As such, it can become quite time-consuming, difficult and confusing to locate appropriate files without a system of organization. On the Microsoft website, there are several articles to help a computer user get started with organization. Of course, their number one recommendation is to use the â€Å"My Documents† folder which comes pre-installed on all of Microsoft’s operating systems. This is really a timesaver as there are so many easy ways to access it: from the Start menu (which also includes a â€Å"My Recent Documents† link), from the Open function of any Microsoft software applications, and from your desktop (by simply moving the icon on the Start menu and dragging it to the desktop). In the My Documents folder, additional folders can be created. These should be named by category, for example, â€Å"school†, â€Å"work†, â€Å"creative writing†, â€Å"business†, etc. All folders in each of these should pertain to that subject. In the school folder, for instance, I would suggest creating a separate folder for each class (i. e. â€Å"Biology 101†, Statistics 201†, etc. ). This can then be further broken down into â€Å"assignments† and â€Å"homework†. Downloaded assignment files can be copied and pasted or drug into the assignments folder. Keeping both folder and file names short helps to find them quickly (since only a certain amount of the letters in the name will be displayed). Names for assignment files can also include the date it is due (at the beginning of the name) and then quickly sorted by name in the view screen. I have also found it handy to use a date in the name of my professional resume file, so that I know whether or not it needs to be updated. Numbers can also be added to documents such as essays to easily show all versions until complete (you may find the need to go back to a previous version and add in a paragraph that was previously edited out). Putting numbers at the front of the file or folder name for those that you access often will ensure they show up at the top of the list. Viewing folders and files as thumbnails is a way to display the results of your folders that is visually easy. This is a great way to preview the contents as well as easily sort through the different file extensions (is it a picture or a Word document? ). Using Microsoft Outlook for Email messages is also handy and the program works with the rest of the Microsoft Office Suite, making it easy to integrate file types. I create folders of the same name as those in My Documents for Email messages. This way I can keep track of any messages that are in reference to a class, or work, and they can be quickly dropped into the corresponding My Documents folders. Another tip for organization is to keep the hard drive clean. At the end of the semester, the class folders with their files can be stored elsewhere on your hard drive such as in a folder named â€Å"archives† (or put on a flash drive) so as to streamline the amount of folders viewed to only documents you are currently using. When I am using a file that I know will be of use for a limited time only, I name it â€Å"junk_† with a descriptive word at the end. When I am ready to delete those files I am no longer needing, I simply perform a search of the C drive for all files and folders with the name â€Å"junk† in them. This way, the whole of them can be deleted with only a couple clicks of the mouse. You could attach a date to the name that reminds you of when the file is obsolete and safe to be removed. References Allen, Sally. â€Å"Get organized! Organizing your computer†. Retrieved October 23, 2007 from the Women’s Media Web site: http://www. womensmedia. com/new/organizing-computer. shtml. â€Å"Organizing computer files†. Retrieved October 23, 2007 from the University of Virginia Web site: http://cti. itc. virginia. edu/~ttspeng/OrganizingComputerFiles. pdf. â€Å"Seven tips to manage your files better†. Retrieved October 23, 2007 from the Microsoft Web site: http://www. microsoft. com/atwork/manageinfo/files. mspx.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Krispy Kreme Case Study :: Business Analysis Strategy

Krispy Kreme Case Study Question 1. The chief element of Krispy Kreme's strategy is to deliver a better doughnut and to appeal to customers in new ways. They have taken great steps to insure customer satisfaction from the use of their proprietary flour recipe to their automated doughnut making machines. They have chosen to target mainly markets with 100,000 households. They also were exploring smaller-sized stores for secondary markets. Krispy Kremes's strong brand name, highly differentiated products, high-volume production capability and multi-channel market penetration strategy has worked well. With each new store opening there are lines waiting at the door all night to experience the Krispy Kreme quality. In Denver, more than 3000 people stood in a line extending for more than three city blocks on opening day. They have production areas in full view and a neon light that lights up when "Hot Donuts" are actually coming off the line. Krispy Kreme makes customers feel good about indulging. Even Krispy Kreme's name brings a smile to people's faces. Question 2. I think Krispy Kreme's financial performance has been good. Since its initial public offering in April 2000 it has grown from 140 stores to one with 218 locations in 33 states and Canada. Preliminary results for fiscal year 2002 showed sales topping $621 million, up 39% from the previous year. Revenues climbed 30% to $392 million. Krispy Kreme is a product company and the most profitable part of the business is doughnut sales due to the high volume of loyal customers. Many Wall Street analysts considered Krispy Kreme to be overvalued. Analysts said in April 2000 the stock was destined for the $15 to $20 share range at best, which is where most known food related stocks are located. Instead it had been hovering at a value of $40 a share for most of the year. The stock rose to a high of $54 and many analysts doubted Krispy Kreme's strategy and potential growth merited a stock price nearly 70 times projected 2002 earnings per share. I agree with the statement "the numbers just don't work." Question 3. SWOT ANALYSIS

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Irp Lost and Found

In the story Lost and Found by Anne Scarf, There were many minor conflicts, but two major conflicts. The decisions the girls made to resolve the major conflicts lead to retaliation. One major conflict in the story was that Jamie, a 14 year old middle- school student, was dating a boy named Bobby Wallace, a high-school student, who wasn't a boy anyone would recommend talking to. Game's older sister, Dairy (who was also a high school student) tried to convince her younger sister that she wouldn't be socializing with him.The second major problem was the girl's father left them for 5 years, and now decides he wants to be a part of their lives. In the story, the youngest sister ran away because she was overwhelmed. They had no clue where she was, that's pretty much why I chose to make a missing persons t-shirt. When someone is missing, wearing t-shirts is a way good way to inform others that someone is missing. I added the books descriptions to describe Jamie and tried to raw a picture of how Jamie might look.In the story her father thought to look under a tree, which was where they found her. It was the last place she was happy. In all actuality, people don't think to look under a tree to find you, so I think the t-shirt idea would be useful. People evaluate your clothes every day and in real life, people wear t-shirt when someone is missing, or when someone dies. It catches other people attention and encourages them to help look.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Contribution of Engineers in Society

Question 5: In this technological age, the power of the engineers in shaping the society and environment in all pervading and can profoundly affect the lives of many members of the society. Enumerate, from your personal experience, how largely positive impacts have accrued from the contributions of engineers. Answer: Introduction In the eyes of public, an engineer is a professional man who is of sufficient training, expertise, and integrity as to be able to act with independence and impartiality in his professional judgments to ensure trust and confidence of public.Since ancient era to recent technological age, participation and contribution of engineers have been seen in all ways of life. Involvement and contributions of engineers are tremendous and playing important roles in almost all aspects of human being life. Let us discuss from the following few angles: – 1)HSE Engineers in their profession, shall identify the safety and health risks in their works, assess them and tak e steps to minimize and control these risks in the work place and public arena. Engineers are involved in the search for safer work places and products.These search for improved safety benefited in reducing accidents and harm to the public. Engineers are keenly aware that their work and recommendations can have a very major impact on the environment that we live in. The very car that we drive emits carbon dioxide that is causing warming of the atmosphere that eventual could lead to massive environmental disasters later. Engineers are at the very core of the research and development into ways and means to reduce emissions by example of hybrid cars, cars running on hydrogen or biofuel alternative.Engineer has reduced greatly the negative impact from the sewerage generated by the increasing population. The sewerage produced by human being if not treated properly, will cause disastrous to the environment. Imagine what is going to happen if the underground water and rivers are contaminat ed by the sewerage. Therefore the engineer’s effort in construction of the sewerage treatment plant has greatly impact in preservation of environment. 2)DevelopmentEngineers contributed very significantly to a country’s development from an agricultural economy to one that includes manufacturing, communication services and exploitation of the country’s natural resources like tin, hydropower, oil and gas. They built the infrastructure and the tools necessary for progress. Without road, highways, bridges, clean water supply, electrical power supply, telephone and cell phone communication, we would be living lives in jungle, where it will be dark at night and water is from well. Engineers build new townships and residential areas which create more jobs opportunity to the adjacent areas.In the city, engineers build high rise building which maximize land usages, provide a better and comfortable working environment to increase quality & productivity of work. Engineers also forecast & plan for future water demands & make proposals to solve current water supply problems. Example: Proposal of building new water treatment plants & reservoirs, or replacement of old pipelines to reduce loses due to leakages and so on, all these were developed and built with the input from engineers. One of the engineer’s contributions that have major impact of the lives of many members of society is in the Transportation sector.Better transportation network such as PLUS, KESAS, ELITE, will boost many new residential area & township development of suburban area. Upgrading of road network and transportation system improve production and economy; improve unity of nation and communication between state. People find easier and more convenient in moving around from one place to anther place. It only takes about 4 hours to travel from Penang to KL with North South Highway. Rest & Recreation Area provide a place for road users to rest and a new optional place for food, recreation and public services.Engineers also help in providing good public transportation network which enhance country image. Moving around in big city in Klang Valley using Light Rail Transit and Monorail System can avoid the congestion of traffic, overcome the problem of scarcity of car parks and shorten the period of time to reach the destination. Engineers provide solution for limited space in a city by efficiency of interchange, solve foundation and stability problem, carry out value engineering for optimization of cost which make more development for limited capital a nation has.Beside this, the improvement in the telecommunication contributed by the engineers in the field of electrical, electronic and computer engineering have resulted to a better quality of lives. Satellite TV and cell phones together with computer and internet have enabled us to communicate instantly and anywhere on earth, so that we are now more informed than ever with the information that can be searche d for and accessed more readily. One can communicate with their friends, family members, business partners or clients at any place, and anytime.The advancement in communication coupled with the better physical communication such as transportation network have bring not just better quality of life, but also have increased business activities, more decision can be made daily, more people can be involved in business activities, more income generated for company and individual, and the taxes collected by the government as well. 3)Innovation on equipment and machine The life expectancy of the population at large is getting longer and part of the reason is the health service providers like hospital being equipped with better tools and machines e. g. -rays and scanners developed and built by engineers. Medicine has been made more cheaply and widely available by new techniques. Engineering practices and knowledge that have been put in the design, application and production of hearing aids a nd other equipment such as lasers for optometric correction is a significant contribution to the better welfare of human being. The home is typically equipped with airconditioning and washing machine that engineers contributed in the development and manufacturing so that we can live a more comfortable life with more time for more productive and creative activities.Conclusion Engineer’s professional behavior require that they act faithfully to their employer or clients, be competent in their field of work, gain required technical know how and work experience, put the safety of the public in profound regards, protect the environment, contribute to sustainable development, make objective and truthful report to the public if needed, avoid conflict of interest in the job and to act honorably and respectfully in their professional conduct.The most important aspect is that any advice given has to be fair, objective, impartial, and has to be in the best interest of the public in gene ral and client in particular, in order to instill public confidence and trust. Engineers must be seen as a person with total integrity in his work and no compromise to his professional judgment.These behaviors generally spill over to the professional’s conduct in public and thereby contributing to a better work place and to the society from the services and products they have generated. All of these have resulted a quantum leap in human civilization and all these cannot be happened without engineers.